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Effects of introgression and recombination on haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium surrounding a locus encoding Bymovirus resistance in barley.

ABSTRACT: We present a detailed analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the physical and genetic context of the barley gene Hv-eIF4E, which confers resistance to the barley yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) complex. Eighty-three SNPs distributed over 132 kb of Hv-eIF4E and six additional fragments genetically mapped to its flanking region were used to derive haplotypes from 131 accessions. Three haplogroups were recognized, discriminating between the alleles rym4 and rym5, which each encode for a spectrum of resistance to BYMV. With increasing map distance, haplotypes of susceptible genotypes displayed diverse patterns driven mainly by recombination, whereas haplotype diversity within the subgroups of resistant genotypes was limited. We conclude that the breakdown of LD within 1 cM of the resistance gene was generated mainly by susceptible genotypes. Despite the LD decay, a significant association between haplotype and resistance to BYMV was detected up to a distance of 5.5 cM from the resistance gene. The LD pattern and the haplotype structure of the target chromosomal region are the result of interplay between low recombination and recent breeding history.

SUBMITTER: Stracke S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1800611 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of introgression and recombination on haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium surrounding a locus encoding Bymovirus resistance in barley.

Stracke Silke S Presterl Thomas T Stein Nils N Perovic Dragan D Ordon Frank F Graner Andreas A

Genetics 20061206 2

We present a detailed analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the physical and genetic context of the barley gene Hv-eIF4E, which confers resistance to the barley yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) complex. Eighty-three SNPs distributed over 132 kb of Hv-eIF4E and six additional fragments genetically mapped to its flanking region were used to derive haplotypes from 131 accessions. Three haplogroups were recognized, discriminating between the alleles rym4 and rym5, which each encode for a spectrum of ...[more]

PMID: 17151251

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Project description:Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis provides information on the evolutionary aspects of populations. Recently, haplotype blocks have been used to increase the power of quantitative trait loci detection in genome-wide association studies and the prediction accuracy of genomic selection. Our objectives were as follows: to compare the degree of LD, LD decay, and LD decay extent in popcorn populations; to characterize the number and length of haplotype blocks in the populations; and to determine whether maize chromosomes also have a pattern of interspaced regions of high and low rates of recombination. We used a biparental population, a synthetic, and a breeding population, genotyped for approximately 75,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The sample size ranged from 190 to 192 plants. For the whole-genome LD and haplotype block analyses, we assumed a window of 500 kb. To characterize the block and step patterns of LD in the populations, we constructed LD maps by chromosome, defining a cold spot as a chromosome segment including SNPs with the same LDU position. The LD and haplotype block analyses were also performed at the intragenic level, selecting 12 genes related to zein, starch, cellulose, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The populations with the higher and lower frequencies of |D'| values greater than 0.75 were the biparental (65-74%) and the breeding population (26-58%), respectively. There were slight differences between the populations regarding the average distance for SNPs with |D'| values greater than 0.75 (in the range of approximately 207 to 229 kb). The level of LD expressed by the r2 values was low in the populations (0.02, 0.04, and 0.04, on average) but comparable to some non-isolated human populations. The frequency of r2 values greater than 0.75 was lower in the biparental population (0.2-0.5%) and higher in the other populations (0.2-1.6%). The average distance for SNPs with r2 values greater than 0.75 was much higher in the biparental population (approximately 80 to 126 kb). In the other populations, the ranges were approximately 6 to 19 and 6 to 35 kb. The heatmaps for the regions covered by the first 100 SNPs in each chromosome, in each population (1 to 3.3 Mb, approximately), provided evidence that the comparatively few high r2 values (close to 1.0) occurred only for SNPs in close proximity, especially in the synthetic and breeding populations. Due to the reduced number of SNPs in the haplotype blocks (2 to 3) in the populations, it is not expected advantage of a haplotype-based association study as well as genomic selection along generations. The results concerning LD decay (rapid decay after 5-10 kb) and LD decay extent (along up to 300 kb) are in the range observed with maize inbred line panels. The LD maps indicate that maize chromosomes had a pattern of regions of extensive LD interspaced with regions of low LD. However, our simulated LD map provides evidence that this pattern can reflect regions with differences in allele frequencies and LD levels (expressed by |D'|) and not regions with high and low rates of recombination.

Dataset Information

Effects of introgression and recombination on haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium surrounding a locus encoding Bymovirus resistance in barley.

Publications

Effects of introgression and recombination on haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium surrounding a locus encoding Bymovirus resistance in barley.

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