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Evolution and molecular epidemiology of H9N2 influenza A viruses from quail in southern China, 2000 to 2005.

ABSTRACT: H9N2 influenza viruses have become established and maintain long-term endemicity in terrestrial poultry in Asian countries. Occasionally these viruses transmit to other mammals, including humans. Increasing epidemiological and laboratory findings suggest that quail may be an important host, as they are susceptible to different subtypes of influenza viruses. To better understand the role of quail in influenza virus ecology and evolution, H9N2 viruses isolated from quail during 2000 to 2005 were antigenically and genetically characterized. Our results showed that H9N2 viruses are prevalent year-round in southern China and replicate mainly asymptomatically in the respiratory tract of quail. Genetic analysis revealed that both the G1-like and Ck/Bei-like H9N2 lineages were cocirculating in quail since 2000. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that most of the isolates tested were double- or multiple-reassortant variants, with four G1-like and 16 Ck/Bei-like genotypes recognized. A novel genotype of G1-like virus became predominant in quail since 2003, while multiple Ck/Bei-like genotypes were introduced into quail, wherein they incorporated G1-like gene segments, but none of them became established in this host. Those Ck/Bei-like reassortants generated in quail have then been introduced into other poultry. These complex interactions form a two-way transmission system between quail and other types of poultry. The present study provides evidence that H9N2 and H5N1 subtype viruses have also exchanged gene segments to generate currently circulating reassortants of both subtypes that have pandemic potential. Continuing influenza virus surveillance in poultry is critical to understanding the genesis and emergence of potentially pandemic strains in this region.

SUBMITTER: Xu KM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1865985 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evolution and molecular epidemiology of H9N2 influenza A viruses from quail in southern China, 2000 to 2005.

Xu K M KM Li K S KS Smith G J D GJ Li J W JW Tai H H Zhang J X JX Webster R G RG Peiris J S M JS Chen H H Guan Y Y

Journal of virology 20061227 6

H9N2 influenza viruses have become established and maintain long-term endemicity in terrestrial poultry in Asian countries. Occasionally these viruses transmit to other mammals, including humans. Increasing epidemiological and laboratory findings suggest that quail may be an important host, as they are susceptible to different subtypes of influenza viruses. To better understand the role of quail in influenza virus ecology and evolution, H9N2 viruses isolated from quail during 2000 to 2005 were a ...[more]

PMID: 17192315

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Project description:The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has become endemic in poultry globally; however due to its low pathogenicity, it is not under primary surveillance and control in many countries. Recent reports of human infection caused by H9N2 AIV has increased public concern. This study investigated the genetic and antigenic characteristics of H9N2 AIV isolated from local markets in nine provinces in Southern China from 2013 to 2018. We detected an increasing annual isolation rate of H9N2 AIV. Phylogenetic analyses of hemagglutinin (HA) genes suggests that isolated strains were rooted in BJ94 lineage but have evolved into new subgroups (II and III), which derived from subgroup I. The estimated substitution rate of the subgroup III strains was 6.23 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year, which was 1.5-fold faster than that of the average H9N2 HA rate (3.95 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year). Based on the antigenic distances, subgroup II and III strains resulted in two clear antigenic clusters 2 and 3, separated from the vaccine strain F98, cluster 1. New antigenic properties of subgroup III viruses were associated with 11 amino acid changes in the HA protein, suggesting antigenic drift in H9N2 viruses. Our phylogenetic and antigenic analyses of the H9N2 strains circulating in local markets in Southern China provide new insights on the antigenic diversification of H9N2 viruses. IMPORTANCE The H9N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus has become endemic in poultry globally. In several Asian countries, vaccination against H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) was approved to reduce economic losses in the poultry industry. However, surveillance programs initiated after the introduction of vaccination identified the persistence of H9N2 AIV in poultry (especially in chicken in South Korea and China). Recent reports of human infection caused by H9N2 AIV has increased public concern. Surveillance of H9N2 circulating in poultry in the fields or markets was essential to update the vaccination strategies. This study investigated the genetic and antigenic characteristics of H9N2 AIVs isolated from local markets in nine provinces in Southern China from 2013 to 2018. The discovery of mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene that result in antigenic changes provides a baseline reference for evolutionary studies of H9N2 viruses and vaccination strategies in poultry.

Dataset Information

Evolution and molecular epidemiology of H9N2 influenza A viruses from quail in southern China, 2000 to 2005.

Publications

Evolution and molecular epidemiology of H9N2 influenza A viruses from quail in southern China, 2000 to 2005.

Similar Datasets

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