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The genome of M. acetivorans reveals extensive metabolic and physiological diversity.

ABSTRACT: Methanogenesis, the biological production of methane, plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle and contributes significantly to global warming. The majority of methane in nature is derived from acetate. Here we report the complete genome sequence of an acetate-utilizing methanogen, Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A. Methanosarcineae are the most metabolically diverse methanogens, thrive in a broad range of environments, and are unique among the Archaea in forming complex multicellular structures. This diversity is reflected in the genome of M. acetivorans. At 5,751,492 base pairs it is by far the largest known archaeal genome. The 4524 open reading frames code for a strikingly wide and unanticipated variety of metabolic and cellular capabilities. The presence of novel methyltransferases indicates the likelihood of undiscovered natural energy sources for methanogenesis, whereas the presence of single-subunit carbon monoxide dehydrogenases raises the possibility of nonmethanogenic growth. Although motility has not been observed in any Methanosarcineae, a flagellin gene cluster and two complete chemotaxis gene clusters were identified. The availability of genetic methods, coupled with its physiological and metabolic diversity, makes M. acetivorans a powerful model organism for the study of archaeal biology. [Sequence, data, annotations and analyses are available at http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/.]

SUBMITTER: Galagan JE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC187521 | biostudies-literature | 2002 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The genome of M. acetivorans reveals extensive metabolic and physiological diversity.

Galagan James E JE Nusbaum Chad C Roy Alice A Endrizzi Matthew G MG Macdonald Pendexter P FitzHugh Will W Calvo Sarah S Engels Reinhard R Smirnov Serge S Atnoor Deven D Brown Adam A Allen Nicole N Naylor Jerome J Stange-Thomann Nicole N DeArellano Kurt K Johnson Robin R Linton Lauren L McEwan Paul P McKernan Kevin K Talamas Jessica J Tirrell Andrea A Ye Wenjuan W Zimmer Andrew A Barber Robert D RD Cann Isaac I Graham David E DE Grahame David A DA Guss Adam M AM Hedderich Reiner R Ingram-Smith Cheryl C Kuettner H Craig HC Krzycki Joseph A JA Leigh John A JA Li Weixi W Liu Jinfeng J Mukhopadhyay Biswarup B Reeve John N JN Smith Kerry K Springer Timothy A TA Umayam Lowell A LA White Owen O White Robert H RH Conway de Macario Everly E Ferry James G JG Jarrell Ken F KF Jing Hua H Macario Alberto J L AJ Paulsen Ian I Pritchett Matthew M Sowers Kevin R KR Swanson Ronald V RV Zinder Steven H SH Lander Eric E Metcalf William W WW Birren Bruce B

Genome research 20020401 4

Methanogenesis, the biological production of methane, plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle and contributes significantly to global warming. The majority of methane in nature is derived from acetate. Here we report the complete genome sequence of an acetate-utilizing methanogen, Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A. Methanosarcineae are the most metabolically diverse methanogens, thrive in a broad range of environments, and are unique among the Archaea in forming complex multicellular struct ...[more]

PMID: 11932238

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Project description:BackgroundDNA target enrichment by micro-array capture combined with high throughput sequencing technologies provides the possibility to obtain large amounts of sequence data (e.g. whole mitochondrial DNA genomes) from multiple individuals at relatively low costs. Previously, whole mitochondrial genome data for domestic horses (Equus caballus) were limited to only a few specimens and only short parts of the mtDNA genome (especially the hypervariable region) were investigated for larger sample sets.ResultsIn this study we investigated whole mitochondrial genomes of 59 domestic horses from 44 breeds and a single Przewalski horse (Equus przewalski) using a recently described multiplex micro-array capture approach. We found 473 variable positions within the domestic horses, 292 of which are parsimony-informative, providing a well resolved phylogenetic tree. Our divergence time estimate suggests that the mitochondrial genomes of modern horse breeds shared a common ancestor around 93,000 years ago and no later than 38,000 years ago. A Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) reveals a significant population expansion beginning 6,000-8,000 years ago with an ongoing exponential growth until the present, similar to other domestic animal species. Our data further suggest that a large sample of wild horse diversity was incorporated into the domestic population; specifically, at least 46 of the mtDNA lineages observed in domestic horses (73%) already existed before the beginning of domestication about 5,000 years ago.ConclusionsOur study provides a window into the maternal origins of extant domestic horses and confirms that modern domestic breeds present a wide sample of the mtDNA diversity found in ancestral, now extinct, wild horse populations. The data obtained allow us to detect a population expansion event coinciding with the beginning of domestication and to estimate both the minimum number of female horses incorporated into the domestic gene pool and the time depth of the domestic horse mtDNA gene pool.

Dataset Information

The genome of M. acetivorans reveals extensive metabolic and physiological diversity.

Publications

The genome of M. acetivorans reveals extensive metabolic and physiological diversity.

Similar Datasets

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