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Characterization of a calmodulin-binding transporter from the plasma membrane of barley aleurone.

ABSTRACT: We have used Arabidopsis calmodulin (CaM) covalently coupled to horseradish peroxidase to screen a barley aleurone cDNA expression library for CaM binding proteins. The deduced amino acid sequence of one cDNA obtained by this screen was shown to be a unique protein of 702 amino acids with CaM and cyclic nucleotide binding domains at the carboxyl terminus and high similarity to olfactory and K+ channels. This cDNA was designated HvCBT1 (Hordeum vulgare CaM binding transporter). Hydropathy plots of HvCBT1 showed the presence of six putative transmembrane domains, but sequence alignment indicated a pore domain that was unlike the consensus domains in K+ and olfactory channels. Expression of a subclone of amino acids 482-702 in Escherichia coli generated a peptide that bound CaM. When a fusion protein of HvCBT1 and green fluorescent protein was expressed in barley aleurone protoplasts, fluorescence accumulated in the plasma membrane. Expression of HvCBT1 in the K+ transport deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant CY162 showed no rescue of the mutant phenotype. However, growth of CY162 expressing HvCBT1 with its pore mutated to GYGD, the consensus sequence of K+ channels, was compromised. We interpret these data as indicating that HvCBT1 acts to interfere with ion transport.

SUBMITTER: Schuurink RC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC19218 | biostudies-literature | 1998 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of a calmodulin-binding transporter from the plasma membrane of barley aleurone.

Schuurink R C RC Shartzer S F SF Fath A A Jones R L RL

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19980201 4

We have used Arabidopsis calmodulin (CaM) covalently coupled to horseradish peroxidase to screen a barley aleurone cDNA expression library for CaM binding proteins. The deduced amino acid sequence of one cDNA obtained by this screen was shown to be a unique protein of 702 amino acids with CaM and cyclic nucleotide binding domains at the carboxyl terminus and high similarity to olfactory and K+ channels. This cDNA was designated HvCBT1 (Hordeum vulgare CaM binding transporter). Hydropathy plots o ...[more]

PMID: 9465122

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Project description:BackgroundAmong natural populations, there are different colours of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The colour of barley grains is directly related to the accumulation of different pigments in the aleurone layer, pericarp and lemma. Blue grain colour is due to the accumulation of anthocyanins in the aleurone layer, which is dependent on the presence of five Blx genes that are not sequenced yet (Blx1, Blx3 and Blx4 genes clustering on chromosome 4HL and Blx2 and Blx5 on 7HL). Due to the health benefits of anthocyanins, blue-grained barley can be considered as a source of dietary food. The goal of the current study was to identify and characterize components of the anthocyanin synthesis regulatory network for the aleurone layer in barley.ResultsThe candidate genes for components of the regulatory complex MBW (consisting of transcription factors MYB, bHLH/MYC and WD40) for anthocyanin synthesis in barley aleurone were identified. These genes were designated HvMyc2 (4HL), HvMpc2 (4HL), and HvWD40 (6HL). HvMyc2 was expressed in aleurone cells only. A loss-of-function (frame shift) mutation in HvMyc2 of non-coloured compared to blue-grained barley was revealed. Unlike aleurone-specific HvMyc2, the HvMpc2 gene was expressed in different tissues; however, its activity was not detected in non-coloured aleurone in contrast to a coloured aleurone, and allele-specific mutations in its promoter region were found. The single-copy gene HvWD40, which encodes the required component of the regulatory MBW complex, was expressed constantly in coloured and non-coloured tissues and had no allelic differences. HvMyc2 and HvMpc2 were genetically mapped using allele-specific developed CAPS markers developed. HvMyc2 was mapped in position between SSR loci XGBS0875-4H (3.4 cM distal) and XGBM1048-4H (3.4 cM proximal) matching the region chromosome 4HL where the Blx-cluster was found. In this position, one of the anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes (HvF3'5'H) was also mapped using an allele-specific CAPS-marker developed in the current study.ConclusionsThe genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in the barley aleurone layer were identified and characterized, including components of the regulatory complex MBW, from which the MYC-encoding gene (HvMyc2) appeared to be the main factor underlying variation of barley by aleurone colour.

Dataset Information

Characterization of a calmodulin-binding transporter from the plasma membrane of barley aleurone.

Publications

Characterization of a calmodulin-binding transporter from the plasma membrane of barley aleurone.

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