Dataset Information

Structural evolution of C-terminal domains in the p53 family.

ABSTRACT: The tetrameric state of p53, p63, and p73 has been considered one of the hallmarks of this protein family. While the DNA binding domain (DBD) is highly conserved among vertebrates and invertebrates, sequences C-terminal to the DBD are highly divergent. In particular, the oligomerization domain (OD) of the p53 forms of the model organisms Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila cannot be identified by sequence analysis. Here, we present the solution structures of their ODs and show that they both differ significantly from each other as well as from human p53. CEP-1 contains a composite domain of an OD and a sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain, and forms dimers instead of tetramers. The Dmp53 structure is characterized by an additional N-terminal beta-strand and a C-terminal helix. Truncation analysis in both domains reveals that the additional structural elements are necessary to stabilize the structure of the OD, suggesting a new function for the SAM domain. Furthermore, these structures show a potential path of evolution from an ancestral dimeric form over a tetrameric form, with additional stabilization elements, to the tetramerization domain of mammalian p53.

SUBMITTER: Ou HD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1933395 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structural evolution of C-terminal domains in the p53 family.

Ou Horng Der HD Löhr Frank F Vogel Vitali V Mäntele Werner W Dötsch Volker V

The EMBO journal 20070621 14

The tetrameric state of p53, p63, and p73 has been considered one of the hallmarks of this protein family. While the DNA binding domain (DBD) is highly conserved among vertebrates and invertebrates, sequences C-terminal to the DBD are highly divergent. In particular, the oligomerization domain (OD) of the p53 forms of the model organisms Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila cannot be identified by sequence analysis. Here, we present the solution structures of their ODs and show that they both d ...[more]

PMID: 17581633

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Spidroins are a unique family of large, structural proteins that make up the bulk of spider silk fibers. Due to the highly variable nature of their repetitive sequences, spidroin evolutionary relationships have principally been determined from their non-repetitive carboxy (C)-terminal domains, though they offer limited character data. The few known spidroin amino (N)-terminal domains have been difficult to obtain, but potentially contain critical phylogenetic information for reconstructing the diversification of spider silks. Here we used silk gland expression data (ESTs) from highly divergent species to evaluate the functional significance and phylogenetic utility of spidroin N-terminal domains. RESULTS: We report 11 additional spidroin N-termini found by sequencing approximately 1,900 silk gland cDNAs from nine spider species that shared a common ancestor > 240 million years ago. In contrast to their hyper-variable repetitive regions, spidroin N-terminal domains have retained striking similarities in sequence identity, predicted secondary structure, and hydrophobicity. Through separate and combined phylogenetic analyses of N-terminal domains and their corresponding C-termini, we find that combined analysis produces the most resolved trees and that N-termini contribute more support and less conflict than the C-termini. These analyses show that paralogs largely group by silk gland type, except for the major ampullate spidroins. Moreover, spidroin structural motifs associated with superior tensile strength arose early in the history of this gene family, whereas a motif conferring greater extensibility convergently evolved in two distantly related paralogs. CONCLUSIONS: A non-repetitive N-terminal domain appears to be a universal attribute of spidroin proteins, likely retained from the origin of spider silk production. Since this time, spidroin N-termini have maintained several features, consistent with this domain playing a key role in silk assembly. Phylogenetic analyses of the conserved N- and C-terminal domains illustrate dramatic radiation of the spidroin gene family, involving extensive duplications, shifts in expression patterns and extreme diversification of repetitive structural sequences that endow spider silks with an unparalleled range of mechanical properties.

Project description:BackgroundThe Gag capsid (CA) is one of the most conserved proteins in highly-diversified human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV). Understanding the limitations imposed on amino acid sequences in CA could provide valuable information for vaccine immunogen design or anti-HIV drug development. Here, by comparing two pathogenic SIV strains, SIVmac239 and SIVsmE543-3, we found critical amino acid residues for functional interaction between the N-terminal and the C-terminal domains in CA.ResultsWe first examined the impact of Gag residue 205, aspartate (Gag205D) in SIVmac239 and glutamate (Gag205E) in SIVsmE543-3, on viral replication; due to this difference, Gag206-216 (IINEEAADWDL) epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were previously shown to respond to SIVmac239 but not SIVsmE543-3 infection. A mutant SIVmac239, SIVmac239Gag205E, whose Gag205D is replaced with Gag205E showed lower replicative ability. Interestingly, however, SIVmac239Gag205E passaged in macaque T cell culture often resulted in selection of an additional mutation at Gag residue 340, a change from SIVmac239 valine (Gag340V) to SIVsmE543-3 methionine (Gag340M), with recovery of viral fitness. Structural modeling analysis suggested possible intermolecular interaction between the Gag205 residue in the N-terminal domain and Gag340 in the C-terminal in CA hexamers. The Gag205D-to-Gag205E substitution in SIVmac239 resulted in loss of in vitro core stability, which was recovered by additional Gag340V-to-Gag340M substitution. Finally, selection of Gag205E plus Gag340M mutations, but not Gag205E alone was observed in a chronically SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaque eliciting Gag206-216-specific CTL responses.ConclusionsThese results present in vitro and in vivo evidence implicating the interaction between Gag residues 205 in CA NTD and 340 in CA CTD in SIV replication. Thus, this study indicates a structural constraint for functional interaction between SIV CA NTD and CTD, providing insight into immunogen design to limit viral escape options.

Dataset Information

Structural evolution of C-terminal domains in the p53 family.

Publications

Structural evolution of C-terminal domains in the p53 family.

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