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Proteinase-activated receptor 1 activation induces epithelial apoptosis and increases intestinal permeability.

ABSTRACT: Proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1)-mediated inflammation remains poorly understood. Here we characterize previously unrecognized effects of PAR1-induced apoptosis signaling, which contributes to epithelial barrier dysfunction. Incubation of epithelial cells with PAR1 agonists induced apoptosis and increased epithelial permeability in a caspase-3-dependent manner. Similarly, studies in vivo demonstrated that intracolonic infusion with PAR1 agonists increased colonic permeability in mice, and that this effect was abolished by pretreatment with a caspase-3 inhibitor. PAR1 agonists induced tight junctional zonula-occludens 1 disruption and apoptotic nuclear condensation. Investigation into signaling pathways showed that these effects were dependent on caspase-3, tyrosine kinase, and myosin light chain kinase. Conversely, the Src kinase inhibitor PP1 augmented zonula-occludens 1 injury and nuclear condensation induced by PAR1 agonists. These results support a role for proteinases and PARs in intestinal disease and provide new directions for possible therapeutic applications of PAR1 antagonists.

SUBMITTER: Chin AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC196934 | biostudies-literature | 2003 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Proteinase-activated receptor 1 activation induces epithelial apoptosis and increases intestinal permeability.

Chin Alex C AC Vergnolle Nathalie N MacNaughton Wallace K WK Wallace John L JL Hollenberg Morley D MD Buret Andre G AG

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20030905 19

Proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1)-mediated inflammation remains poorly understood. Here we characterize previously unrecognized effects of PAR1-induced apoptosis signaling, which contributes to epithelial barrier dysfunction. Incubation of epithelial cells with PAR1 agonists induced apoptosis and increased epithelial permeability in a caspase-3-dependent manner. Similarly, studies in vivo demonstrated that intracolonic infusion with PAR1 agonists increased colonic permeability in mice, and ...[more]

PMID: 12960392

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Project description:We evaluated the ability of different trypsin-revealed tethered ligand (TL) sequences of rat proteinase-activated receptor 2 (rPAR(2)) and the corresponding soluble TL-derived agonist peptides to trigger agonist-biased signaling. To do so, we mutated the proteolytically revealed TL sequence of rPAR(2) and examined the impact on stimulating intracellular calcium transients and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. The TL receptor mutants, rPAR(2)-Leu(37)Ser(38), rPAR(2)-Ala(37-38), and rPAR(2)-Ala(39-42) were compared with the trypsin-revealed wild-type rPAR(2) TL sequence, S(37)LIGRL(42)-. Upon trypsin activation, all constructs stimulated MAP kinase signaling, but only the wt-rPAR(2) and rPAR(2)-Ala(39-42) triggered calcium signaling. Furthermore, the TL-derived synthetic peptide SLAAAA-NH2 failed to cause PAR(2)-mediated calcium signaling but did activate MAP kinase, whereas SLIGRL-NH2 triggered both calcium and MAP kinase signaling by all receptors. The peptides AAIGRL-NH2 and LSIGRL-NH2 triggered neither calcium nor MAP kinase signals. Neither rPAR(2)-Ala(37-38) nor rPAR(2)-Leu(37)Ser(38) constructs recruited beta-arrestins-1 or -2 in response to trypsin stimulation, whereas both beta-arrestins were recruited to these mutants by SLIGRL-NH2. The lack of trypsin-triggered beta-arrestin interactions correlated with impaired trypsin-activated TL-mutant receptor internalization. Trypsin-stimulated MAP kinase activation by the TL-mutated receptors was not blocked by inhibitors of Galpha(i) (pertussis toxin), Galpha(q) [N-cyclohexyl-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methylindeno[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide (GP2A)], Src kinase [4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine (PP1)], or the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor [4-(3'-chloroanilino)-6,7-dimethoxy-quinazoline (AG1478)], but was inhibited by the Rho-kinase inhibitor (R)-(+)-trans-N-(4-pyridyl)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-cyclohexanecarboxamide, 2HCl (Y27362). The data indicate that the proteolytically revealed TL sequence(s) and the mode of its presentation to the receptor (tethered versus soluble) can confer biased signaling by PAR(2), its arrestin recruitment, and its internalization. Thus, PAR(2) can signal to multiple pathways that are differentially triggered by distinct proteinase-revealed TLs or by synthetic signal-selective activating peptides.

Dataset Information

Proteinase-activated receptor 1 activation induces epithelial apoptosis and increases intestinal permeability.

Publications

Proteinase-activated receptor 1 activation induces epithelial apoptosis and increases intestinal permeability.

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