Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

24 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Structure of the SARS coronavirus main proteinase as an active C2 crystallographic dimer.

ABSTRACT: The 34 kDa main proteinase (Mpro) from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) plays an important role in the virus life cycle through the specific processing of viral polyproteins. As such, SARS-CoV Mpro is a key target for the identification of specific inhibitors directed against the SARS virus. With a view to facilitating the development of such compounds, crystals were obtained of the enzyme at pH 6.5 in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2 that diffract to a resolution of 1.9 A. These crystals contain one monomer per asymmetric unit and the biologically active dimer is generated via the crystallographic twofold axis. The conformation of the catalytic site indicates that the enzyme is active in the crystalline form and thus suitable for structure-based inhibition studies.

SUBMITTER: Xu T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1978130 | biostudies-literature | 2005 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Structure of the SARS coronavirus main proteinase as an active C2 crystallographic dimer.

Xu Ting T Ooi Amy A Lee Hooi Chen HC Wilmouth Rupert R Liu Ding Xiang DX Lescar Julien J

Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications 20051020 Pt 11

The 34 kDa main proteinase (Mpro) from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) plays an important role in the virus life cycle through the specific processing of viral polyproteins. As such, SARS-CoV Mpro is a key target for the identification of specific inhibitors directed against the SARS virus. With a view to facilitating the development of such compounds, crystals were obtained of the enzyme at pH 6.5 in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2 that diffract to a resolut ...[more]

PMID: 16511208

Similar Datasets

Enzymatic activity of the SARS coronavirus main proteinase dimer.

Project description:The enzymatic activity of the SARS coronavirus main proteinase dimer was characterized by a sensitive, quantitative assay. The new, fluorogenic substrate, (Ala-Arg-Leu-Gln-NH)(2)-Rhodamine, contained a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) main proteinase consensus cleavage sequence and Rhodamine 110, one of the most detectable compounds known, as the reporter group. The gene for the enzyme was cloned in the absence of purification tags, expressed in Escherichia coli and the enzyme purified. Enzyme activity from the SARS CoV main proteinase dimer could readily be detected at low pM concentrations. The enzyme exhibited a high K(m), and is unusually sensitive to ionic strength and reducing agents.

| S-EPMC7094300 | biostudies-literature

Generation of predictive pharmacophore model for SARS-coronavirus main proteinase.

Project description:Pharmacophore-based virtual screening is an effective, inexpensive and fast approach to discovering useful starting points for drug discovery. In this study, we developed a pharmacophore model for the main proteinase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Then we used this pharmacophore model to search NCI 3D database including 250, 251 compounds and identified 30 existing drugs containing the pharmacophore query. Among them are six compounds that already exhibited anti-SARS-CoV activity experimentally. This means that our pharmacophore model can lead to the discovery of potent anti-SARS-CoV inhibitors or promising lead compounds for further SARS-CoV main proteinase inhibitor development.

| S-EPMC7115589 | biostudies-literature

Homology models of main proteinase from coronavirus associated with SARS.

Project description:In this study, two homology models of the main proteinase (Mpro) from the novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) were constructed. These models reveal three distinct functional domains, in which an intervening loop connecting domains II and III as well as a catalytic cleft containing the substrate binding subsites S1 and S2 between domains I and II are observed. S2 exhibits structural variations more significantly than S1 during the 200 ps molecular dynamics simulations because it is located at the open mouth of the catalytic cleft and the amino acid residues lining up this subsite are least conserved. In addition, the higher structural variation of S2 makes it flexible enough to accommodate a bulky hydrophobic residue from the substrate.

| S-EPMC7094242 | biostudies-literature

Only one protomer is active in the dimer of SARS 3C-like proteinase.

Project description:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3C-like protease has been proposed to be a key target for structurally based drug design against SARS. The enzyme exists as a mixture of dimer and monomer, and only the dimer was considered to be active. In this report, we have investigated, using molecular dynamics simulation and mutational studies, the problems as to why only the dimer is active and whether both of the two protomers in the dimer are active. The molecular dynamics simulations show that the monomers are always inactive, that the two protomers in the dimer are asymmetric, and that only one protomer is active at a time. The enzyme activity of the hybrid severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3C-like protease of the wild-type protein and the inactive mutant proves that the dimerization is important for enzyme activity and only one active protomer in the dimer is enough for the catalysis. Our simulations also show that the right conformation for catalysis in one protomer can be induced upon dimer formation. These results suggest that the enzyme may follow the association, activation, catalysis, and dissociation mechanism for activity control.

| S-EPMC7990651 | biostudies-literature

Mechanism for controlling the monomer-dimer conversion of SARS coronavirus main protease.

Project description:The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) main protease (M(pro)) cleaves two virion polyproteins (pp1a and pp1ab); this essential process represents an attractive target for the development of anti-SARS drugs. The functional unit of M(pro) is a homodimer and each subunit contains a His41/Cys145 catalytic dyad. Large amounts of biochemical and structural information are available on M(pro); nevertheless, the mechanism by which monomeric M(pro) is converted into a dimer during maturation still remains poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that a C-terminal residue, Arg298, interacts with Ser123 of the other monomer in the dimer, and mutation of Arg298 results in a monomeric structure with a collapsed substrate-binding pocket. Interestingly, the R298A mutant of M(pro) shows a reversible substrate-induced dimerization that is essential for catalysis. Here, the conformational change that occurs during substrate-induced dimerization is delineated by X-ray crystallography. A dimer with a mutual orientation of the monomers that differs from that of the wild-type protease is present in the asymmetric unit. The presence of a complete substrate-binding pocket and oxyanion hole in both protomers suggests that they are both catalytically active, while the two domain IIIs show minor reorganization. This structural information offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanism associated with substrate-induced dimerization and has important implications with respect to the maturation of the enzyme.

| S-EPMC7161611 | biostudies-literature

pH-dependent conformational flexibility of the SARS-CoV main proteinase (M(pro)) dimer: molecular dynamics simulations and multiple X-ray structure analyses.

Project description:The SARS coronavirus main proteinase (M(pro)) is a key enzyme in the processing of the viral polyproteins and thus an attractive target for the discovery of drugs directed against SARS. The enzyme has been shown by X-ray crystallography to undergo significant pH-dependent conformational changes. Here, we assess the conformational flexibility of the M(pro) by analysis of multiple crystal structures (including two new crystal forms) and by molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. The MD simulations take into account the different protonation states of two histidine residues in the substrate-binding site and explain the pH-activity profile of the enzyme. The low enzymatic activity of the M(pro) monomer and the need for dimerization are also discussed.

| S-EPMC7094468 | biostudies-literature

Quaternary Structure of the SARS Coronavirus Main Protease

Project description:The maturation of the SARS coronavirus (CoV) involves the autocleavage of polyproteins 1a and 1ab by a main protease and papain-like protease. The functional unit of the main protease is a dimer in which each subunit has a Cys145–His41 catalytic dyad, with His41 acting as a general base. There is also a close correlation between dimer formation and the enzyme catalytic activity. A flip-flop mechanism is proposed for the main protease, in which the two subunits are used alternately in acylation and deacylation. Both the main protease and the papain-like protease are ideal targets for rational drug design strategies against SARS-CoV.

| S-EPMC7176230 | biostudies-literature

A structural view of the inactivation of the SARS coronavirus main proteinase by benzotriazole esters.

Project description:The main proteinase (M(pro)) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus is a principal target for the design of anticoronaviral compounds. Benzotriazole esters have been reported as potent nonpeptidic inhibitors of the enzyme, but their exact mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we present crystal structures of SARS-CoV M(pro), the active-site cysteine of which has been acylated by benzotriazole esters that act as suicide inhibitors. In one of the structures, the thioester product has been hydrolyzed and benzoic acid is observed to bind to the hydrophobic S2 pocket. This structure also features the enzyme with a shortened N-terminal segment ("amputated N finger"). The results further the understanding of the important role of the N finger for catalysis as well as the design of benzotriazole inhibitors with improved specificity.

| S-EPMC7110992 | biostudies-literature

Exploring the binding mechanism of the main proteinase in SARS-associated coronavirus and its implication to anti-SARS drug design.

Project description:The main proteinase of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) plays an important role in viral transcription and replication, and is an attractive target for anti-SARS drug development. The important thing is to understand its binding mechanism with possible ligands. In this study, we investigated possible noncanonical interactions, potential inhibitors, and binding pockets in the main proteinase of SARS-CoV based on its recently determined crystal structure. These findings provide a wide clue to searching for anti-SARS drug. Interestingly, we found that similar structure patterns exist in SARS-CoV main proteinase with Poliovirus 3c Proteinase, Rhinovirus 3c Protease, Nsp4 Proteinase From Equine Arteritis Virus, Hepatitis C Virus Ns3 Protease, Hepatitis A Virus 3c Protease, and Dengue Virus Ns3 Protease. It suggests that the available drugs in these viruses could be used to fight SARS disease.

| S-EPMC7125554 | biostudies-literature

Identifying inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus proteinase.

Project description:The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a serious respiratory illness that has recently been reported in parts of Asia and Canada. In this study, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and docking techniques to screen 29 approved and experimental drugs against the theoretical model of the SARS CoV proteinase as well as the experimental structure of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) proteinase. Our predictions indicate that existing HIV-1 protease inhibitors, L-700,417 for instance, have high binding affinities and may provide good starting points for designing SARS CoV proteinase inhibitors.

| S-EPMC7119134 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data