Crystal structures of the two major aggrecan degrading enzymes, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mosyak L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2144589 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Crystal structures of the two major aggrecan degrading enzymes, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.
Mosyak Lidia L Georgiadis Katy K Shane Tania T Svenson Kristine K Hebert Tracy T McDonagh Thomas T Mackie Stewart S Olland Stephane S Lin Laura L Zhong Xiaotian X Kriz Ronald R Reifenberg Erica L EL Collins-Racie Lisa A LA Corcoran Christopher C Freeman Bethany B Zollner Richard R Marvell Tod T Vera Matthew M Sum Phaik-Eng PE Lavallie Edward R ER Stahl Mark M Somers William W
Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 20071127 1
Aggrecanases are now believed to be the principal proteinases responsible for aggrecan degradation in osteoarthritis. Given their potential as a drug target, we solved crystal structures of the two most active human aggrecanase isoforms, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, each in complex with bound inhibitor and one wherein the enzyme is in apo form. These structures show that the unliganded and inhibitor-bound enzymes exhibit two essentially different catalytic-site configurations: an autoinhibited, nonbindi ...[more]
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Project description:The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) aggrecan, versican, and brevican are large aggregating extracellular matrix molecules that inhibit axonal growth of the mature central nervous system (CNS). ADAMTS proteoglycanases, including ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, degrade CSPGs, representing potential targets for ameliorating axonal growth-inhibition by CSPG accumulation after CNS injury. We investigated the proteolysis of CSPGs in mice homozygous for Adamts4 or Adamts5 null alleles after spinal cord injury (SCI). ADAMTS-derived 50-60 kDa aggrecan and 50 kDa brevican fragments were observed in Adamts4-/-, Adamts5-/-, and wt mice but not in the sham-operated group. By contrast Adamts4-/- and Adamts5-/- mice were both protected from versican proteolysis with an ADAMTS-generated 70 kDa versican fragment predominately observed in WT mice. ADAMTS1, ADAMTS9, and ADAMTS15 were detected by Western blot in Adamts4-/- mice' spinal cords after SCI. Immunohistochemistry showed astrocyte accumulation at the injury site. These data indicate that aggrecan and brevican proteolysis is compensated in Adamts4-/- or Adamts5-/- mice by ADAMTS proteoglycanase family members but a threshold of versican proteolysis is sensitive to the loss of a single ADAMTS proteoglycanase during SCI. We show robust ADAMTS activity after SCI and exemplify the requirement for collective proteolysis for effective CSPG clearance during SCI.
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Project description:This meta-analysis and systematic review was performed with the aim of investigating the association between a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS)4, AMDMTS5 polymorphisms and risk of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases. PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Wanfang and CNKI were searched from their inception until May 2018 to identify eligible studies. Data from individual studies were extracted using a standardized data collection sheet. The estimate of association between ADAMTS4, AMDMTS5 polymorphisms and risk of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases was expressed as odds ratio (OR) along with its related 95% confidence interval (95%CI) under an allelic model of inheritance. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Subgroup-analyses by ethnicity and type of diseases were performed. Eight studies including ten cohorts were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analyses results based on seven studies showed that rs226794 in ADAMTS5 gene was not associated with risk of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases (A vs. G: OR 1.07; 95%CI 0.97-1.19; P=0.16). Rs2830585 in ADAMTS5 was significantly associated with musculoskeletal degenerative diseases in only Asians (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.18-1.68; P=0.0001), but not in Caucasians. Since only two of the collected studies referred to ADAMTS4, we did not perform meta-analysis for these comparisons. Taken together, rs226794 and rs2830585 in ADAMTS5 gene were not associated with musculoskeletal degenerative diseases in overall population, but there seemed to be an ethnicity-dependent effect of rs2830585 in the risk of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases. Insufficient evidence was found to support the association of other single nucleotide polymorphisms and musculoskeletal degenerative diseases.
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Project description:Although ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 are the principal aggrecanases in mice and humans, mice lacking both these enzymes (ADAMTS-4/-5Dcat) are healthy, viable, with no overt skeletal phenotype, suggesting the presence of an alternative aggrecanase in these mice. We previously identified a novel aggrecanase activity that was regulated by retinoic acid, but not IL-1a. The upregulated activity cleaved aggrecan at E↓A bonds. This study aimed to identify the alternative aggrecanase. Femoral head cartilage from TS-4/5Dcat mice was stimulated with IL-1a or retinoic acid and total RNA was analysed by microarray. Candidate, upregulated genes identified by Quantile Normalisation included ADAMTS, MMPm cathepsin and calpain families as putative aggrecanases. Three criteria, including quantitative RT-PCR analyses, sensitivity to retinoic acid treatment and sensitivity to TIMP-3 inhibition, were then used as readouts to identify candidate extracellular proteinases whose mRNA expression levels were increased by retinoic acid, but not by IL-1a treatment. Thereafter, gene silencing was used to identify the most likely aggrecanase in chondrocytes from TS-4/5Dcat mice. Aggrecanase activity was monitored by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry with neoepitope antibodies. The microarray analyses identified ADAMTS-9, MMP-11 and calpain-5 as candidate aggrecanases that were upregulated by retinoic acid. While qPCR confirmed this finding, calpain 5 was excluded from the candidate list because it was not inhibited by TIMP-3. MMP-11 was also excluded because it was upregulated by IL-1a. ADAMTS-9 therefore emerged as a candidate for the novel aggrecanase. Gene silencing confirmed ADAMTS-9 as the putative aggrecanase. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ADAMTS-9 in mouse knee joints was expressed in the proliferative zone of both wildtype and TS-4/5Dcat growth plates, and also in the calcified cartilage of the wildtype hypertrophic zone. In conclusion, ADAMTS-9 is an aggrecanase that cleaves at FREEE1467↓1468GLGS in the chondroitin sulphate-rich region of aggrecan.
2019-01-28 | GSE110754 | GEO
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