Dataset Information

Transcription alters chromosomal locations of cohesin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

ABSTRACT: In eukaryotic cells, cohesion between sister chromatids allows chromosomes to biorient on the metaphase plate and holds them together until they separate into daughter cells during mitosis. Cohesion is mediated by the cohesin protein complex. Although the association of this complex with particular regions of the genome is highly reproducible, it is unclear what distinguishes a chromosomal region for cohesin association. Since one of the primary locations of cohesin is intergenic regions between converging transcription units, we explored the relationship between transcription and cohesin localization. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by hybridization to a microarray (ChIP chip) indicated that transcript elongation into cohesin association sites results in the local disassociation of cohesin. Once transcription is halted, cohesin can reassociate with its original sites, independent of DNA replication and the cohesin loading factor Scc2, although cohesin association with chromosomes in G2/M is not functional for cohesion. A computer program was developed to systematically identify differences between two ChIP chip data sets. Our results are consistent with a model for cohesin association in which (i) a portion of cohesin can be dynamically loaded and unloaded to accommodate transcription and (ii) the cohesin complex has preferences for features of chromatin that are a reflection of the local transcriptional status. Taken together, our results suggest that cohesion may be degraded by transcription.

SUBMITTER: Bausch C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2169412 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcription alters chromosomal locations of cohesin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Bausch Christoph C Noone Seth S Henry Jill M JM Gaudenz Karin K Sanderson Brian B Seidel Chris C Gerton Jennifer L JL

Molecular and cellular biology 20071008 24

In eukaryotic cells, cohesion between sister chromatids allows chromosomes to biorient on the metaphase plate and holds them together until they separate into daughter cells during mitosis. Cohesion is mediated by the cohesin protein complex. Although the association of this complex with particular regions of the genome is highly reproducible, it is unclear what distinguishes a chromosomal region for cohesin association. Since one of the primary locations of cohesin is intergenic regions between ...[more]

PMID: 17923700

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Project description:BackgroundGross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) such as aneuploidy are key factors in genome evolution as well as being common features of human cancer. Their role in tumour initiation and progression has not yet been completely elucidated and the effects of additional chromosomes in cancer cells are still unknown. Most previous studies in which Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model for cancer cells have been carried out in the haploid context. To obtain new insights on the role of ploidy, the cellular effects of GCRs were compared between the haploid and diploid contexts.ResultsA total number of 21 haploid and diploid S. cerevisiae strains carrying various types of GCRs (aneuploidies, nonreciprocal translocations, segmental duplications and deletions) were studied with a view to determining the effects of ploidy on the cellular responses. Differences in colony and cell morphology as well as in the growth rates were observed between mutant and parental strains. These results suggest that cells are impaired physiologically in both contexts. We also investigated the variation in genomic expression in all the mutants. We observed that gene expression was significantly altered. The data obtained here clearly show that genes involved in energy metabolism, especially in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, are up-regulated in all these mutants. However, the genes involved in the composition of the ribosome or in RNA processing are down-regulated in diploids but up-regulated in haploids. Over-expression of genes involved in the regulation of the proteasome was found to occur only in haploid mutants.ConclusionThe present comparisons between the cellular responses of strains carrying GCRs in different ploidy contexts bring to light two main findings. First, GCRs induce a general stress response in all studied mutants, regardless of their ploidy. Secondly, the ploidy context plays a crucial role in maintaining the stoichiometric balance of the proteins: the translation rates decrease in diploid strains, whereas the excess protein synthesized is degraded in haploids by proteasome activity.

Dataset Information

Transcription alters chromosomal locations of cohesin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Publications

Transcription alters chromosomal locations of cohesin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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