Dataset Information

A comparison of Affymetrix gene expression arrays.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Affymetrix GeneChips are an important tool in many facets of biological research. Recently, notable design changes to the chips have been made. In this study, we use publicly available data from Affymetrix to gauge the performance of three human gene expression arrays: Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 (U133), Human Exon 1.0 ST (HuEx) and Human Gene 1.0 ST (HuGene).

Results

We studied probe-, exon- and gene-level reproducibility of technical and biological replicates from each of the 3 platforms. The U133 array has larger feature sizes so it is no surprise that probe-level variances are smaller, however the larger number of probes per gene on the HuGene array seems to produce gene-level summaries that have similar variances. The gene-level summaries of the HuEx array are less reproducible than the other two, despite having the largest average number of probes per gene. Greater than 80% of the content on the HuEx arrays is expressed at or near background. Biological variation seems to have a smaller effect on U133 data. Comparing the overlap of differentially expressed genes, we see a high overall concordance among all 3 platforms, with HuEx and HuGene having greater overlap, as expected given their design. We performed an analysis of detection rates and area under ROC curves using an experiment made up of several mixtures of 2 human tissues. Though it appears that the HuEx array has worse performance in terms of detection rates, all arrays have similar ability to separate differentially expressed and non-differentially expressed genes.

Conclusion

Despite noticeable differences in the probe-level reproducibility, gene-level reproducibility and differential expression detection are quite similar across the three platforms. The HuEx array, an all-encompassing array, has the flexibility of measuring all known or predicted exonic content. However, the HuEx array induces poorer reproducibility for genes with fewer exons. The HuGene measures just the well-annotated genome content and appears to perform well. The U133 array, though not able to measure across the full length of a transcript, appears to perform as well as the newer designs on the set of genes common to all 3 platforms.

SUBMITTER: Robinson MD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2216046 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

A comparison of Affymetrix gene expression arrays.

Robinson Mark D MD Speed Terence P TP

BMC bioinformatics 20071115

<h4>Background</h4>Affymetrix GeneChips are an important tool in many facets of biological research. Recently, notable design changes to the chips have been made. In this study, we use publicly available data from Affymetrix to gauge the performance of three human gene expression arrays: Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 (U133), Human Exon 1.0 ST (HuEx) and Human Gene 1.0 ST (HuGene).<h4>Results</h4>We studied probe-, exon- and gene-level reproducibility of technical and biological replicates from each ...[more]

PMID: 18005448

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Alternative splicing and isoform level expression profiling is an emerging field of interest within genomics. Splicing sensitive microarrays, with probes targeted to individual exons or exon-junctions, are becoming increasingly popular as a tool capable of both expression profiling and finer scale isoform detection. Despite their intuitive appeal, relatively little is known about the performance of such tools, particularly in comparison with more traditional 3' targeted microarrays. Here, we use the well studied Microarray Quality Control (MAQC) dataset to benchmark the Affymetrix Exon Array, and compare it to two other popular platforms: Illumina, and Affymetrix U133. RESULTS: We show that at the gene expression level, the Exon Array performs comparably with the two 3' targeted platforms. However, the interplatform correlation of the results is slightly lower than between the two 3' arrays. We show that some of the discrepancies stem from the RNA amplification protocols, e.g. the Exon Array is able to detect expression of non-polyadenylated transcripts. More importantly, we show that many other differences result from the ability of the Exon Array to monitor more detailed isoform-level changes; several examples illustrate that changes detected by the 3' platforms are actually isoform variations, and that the nature of these variations can be resolved using Exon Array data. Finally, we show how the Exon Array can be used to detect alternative isoform differences, such as alternative splicing, transcript termination, and alternative promoter usage. We discuss the possible pitfalls and false positives resulting from isoform-level analysis. CONCLUSION: The Exon Array is a valuable tool that can be used to profile gene expression while providing important additional information regarding the types of gene isoforms that are expressed and variable. However, analysis of alternative splicing requires much more hands on effort and visualization of results in order to correctly interpret the data, and generally results in considerably higher false positive rates than expression analysis. One of the main sources of error in the MAQC dataset is variation in amplification efficiency across transcripts, most likely caused by joint effects of elevated GC content in the 5' ends of genes and reduced likelihood of random-primed first strand synthesis in the 3' ends of genes. These effects are currently not adequately corrected using existing statistical methods. We outline approaches to reduce such errors by filtering out potentially problematic data.

Project description:The reliability of differential gene expression analysis on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) expression profiles generated using Affymetrix arrays is questionable, due to the high range of percent-present values reported in studies which profiled FFPE samples using this technology. Moreover, the validity of gene-modules derived from external datasets in FFPE microarray expression profiles is unknown. By generating matched gene expression profiles using RNAs derived from fresh-frozen (FF) and FFPE preserved breast tumors with Affymetrix arrays and FF/FFPE RNA specific amplification-and-labeling kits, the reliability of differential expression analysis and the validity of gene modules derived from external datasets were investigated. Specifically, the reliability of differential expression analysis was investigated by developing de-novo ER/HER2 pathway gene-modules from the matched datasets and validating them on external FF/FFPE gene expression datasets using ROC analysis. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of module scores between matched FFPE/frozen datasets was used to measure the reliability of gene-modules derived from external datasets in FFPE expression profiles. Independent of the array/amplification-kit/sample preservation method used, de-novo ER/HER2 gene-modules derived from all matched datasets showed similar prediction performance in the independent validation (AUC range in FFPE dataset; ER: 0.93-0.95, HER2: 0.85-0.91), except for the de-novo ER/HER2 gene-module derived from the FFPE dataset using the 3'IVT kit (AUC range in FFPE dataset; ER: 0.79-0.81, HER2: 0.78). Among the external gene modules considered, roughly ~50% gene modules showed high concordance between expression profiles derived from matching FF and FFPE RNA. The remaining discordant gene modules between FF and FFPE expression profiles showed high concordance within matching FF datasets and within matching FFPE datasets independently, implying that microarrays still require improved amplification-and-sample-preparation protocols for deriving 100% concordant expression profiles from matching FF and FFPE RNA.

Project description:Transcript profiling is crucial to study biological systems and various platforms have been implemented to survey mRNAs at the genome scale. We have assessed the characteristics of the CATMA microarray designed for Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome analysis, and compared it with two commercial platforms from Agilent and Affymetrix. The CATMA array consists of gene-specific sequence tags of 150 to 500 base pairs, the Agilent (Arabidopsis 2) array of 60mer oligonucleotides, and the Affymetrix gene chip (ATH1) of 25mer oligonucleotide sets. We have matched each probe repertoire with the Arabidopsis genome annotation (TIGR release 5.0) and determined the correspondence between them. Array performance was analyzed by hybridization with labeled target derived from eight RNA samples made of shoot total RNA spiked with a calibrated series of 14 control transcripts. A total of fourteen cDNA clones were thus selected and used as templates to synthesize bona fide polyadenylated spike RNAs. Each spike RNA was calibrated then mixed in equal amount with one of the other spike RNAs to obtain seven pairs at equal concentration. These seven spike RNA pairs were then combined systematically to construct seven complex spike mixes in a design similar to an ordered Latin square, each mix containing six of the seven spike pairs in staggered concentrations covering five logs. To prevent loss of spike RNA through adsorption to the plastic ware, the spike mixes were prepared in 0.5 µg/µl Col RNA, resulting in a range of concentration from 0.1 to 10,000 copies per cellular equivalent (cpc), assuming that the total RNA contained 1% polyadenalated mRNA and that a cell contained on average 300,000 transcripts. These seven RNA samples included equal amounts of combined spike RNA . To convert the spike hybridization signals to ratios, an eighth sample was prepared, called the reference sample, consisting of the base Col RNA completed with all spike RNAs at a concentration of 100 cpc. The results from the eight experiments using the Affymetrix gene chips (ATH1) are available for analysis or download from this site. Experimenter name = Jim Beynon Experimenter phone = 01798 470382 Experimenter fax = 01789 470552 Experimenter department = Horticulture Research International Experimenter institute = Warwick University Experimenter address = Horticulture Research International Experimenter address = Wellesbourne Experimenter address = Warwick Experimenter zip/postal_code = CV34 6QJ Experimenter country = UK Keywords: unknown_experiment_design_type

Project description:BackgroundAffymetrix gene expression arrays incorporate paired perfect match (PM) and mismatch (MM) probes to distinguish true signals from those arising from cross-hybridization events. A MM signal often shows greater intensity than a PM signal; we propose that one underlying cause is the presence of allelic variants arising from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To annotate and characterize SNP contributions to anomalous probe binding behavior we have developed a software tool called AffyMAPSDetector.ResultsAffyMAPSDetector can be used to describe any Affymetrix expression GeneChip with respect to SNPs. When AffyMAPSDetector was run on GeneChip HG-U95Av2 against dbSNP-build-123, we found 7286 probes (belonging to 2,582 probesets) containing SNPs, out of which 325 probes contained at least one SNP at position 13. Against dbSNP-build-126, 8758 probes (belonging to 3,002 probesets) contained SNPs, of which 409 probes contained at least one SNP at position 13. Therefore, depending on the expressed allele, the MM probe can sometimes be the transcript complement. This information was used to characterize probe measurements reported in a published, well-replicated lung adenocarcinoma study. The total intensity distributions showed that the SNP-containing probes had a larger negative mean intensity difference (PM-MM) and greater range of the difference than did probes without SNPs. In the sample replicates, SNP-containing probes with reproducible intensity ratios were identified, allowing selection of SNP probesets that yielded unique sample signatures. At the gene expression level, use of the (MM-PM) value for SNP-containing probes resulted in different Presence/Absence calls for some genes. Such a change in status of the genes has the clear potential for influencing downstream clustering and classification results.ConclusionOutput from this tool characterizes SNP-containing probes on GeneChip microarrays, thus improving our understanding of factors contributing to expression measurements. The pattern of SNP binding examined so far indicates distinct behavior of the SNP-containing probes and has the potential to help us identify new SNPs. Knowing which probes contain SNPs provides flexibility in determining whether to include or exclude them from gene-expression intensity calculations; selected sets of SNP-containing probes produce sample-unique signatures. AffyMAPSDetector information is available at http://www.binf.gmu.edu/weller/BMC_bioinformatics/AffyMapsDetector/index.html.

Dataset Information

A comparison of Affymetrix gene expression arrays.

Background

Results

Conclusion

Publications

A comparison of Affymetrix gene expression arrays.

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