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Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome analysis reveals pregnancy malaria associated gene expression.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) causing maternal anemia and low birth weight is among the multiple manifestations of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Infected erythrocytes (iEs) can acquire various adhesive properties that mediate the clinical severity of malaria. Recent advances on the molecular basis of virulence and immune evasion have helped identify var2csa as a PAM-specific var gene. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The present study presents a genome-wide microarray transcript analysis of 18 P. falciparum parasite isolates freshly collected from the placenta. The proportion of PAM over-expressed genes located in subtelomeric regions as well as that of PAM over-expressed genes predicted to be exported were higher than expected compared to the whole genome. The identification of novel parasite molecules with specificity to PAM and which are likely involved in host-pathogen interactions and placental tropism is described. One of these proteins, PFI1785w, was further characterized as the product of a two-exon PHIST gene, and was more often recognized by serum samples from P. falciparum-exposed women than from men. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that other parasite proteins, such as PFI1785w, may contribute beside VAR2CSA to the pathogenesis of PAM. These data may be very valuable for future vaccine development.

SUBMITTER: Tuikue Ndam N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2267001 | biostudies-literature | 2008

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome analysis reveals pregnancy malaria associated gene expression.

Tuikue Ndam Nicaise N Bischoff Emmanuel E Proux Caroline C Lavstsen Thomas T Salanti Ali A Guitard Juliette J Nielsen Morten A MA Coppée Jean-Yves JY Gaye Alioune A Theander Thor T David Peter H PH Deloron Philippe P

PloS one 20080326 3

<h4>Background</h4>Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) causing maternal anemia and low birth weight is among the multiple manifestations of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Infected erythrocytes (iEs) can acquire various adhesive properties that mediate the clinical severity of malaria. Recent advances on the molecular basis of virulence and immune evasion have helped identify var2csa as a PAM-specific var gene.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>The present study presents a genome-wide microarr ...[more]

PMID: 18365010

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The transcriptome of Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates varies according to strain, mosquito bites, disease severity and clinical history. Therefore, it remains a challenge to directly interpret the parasite's transcriptomic information into a more general biological signature in a natural human malaria infection. These confounding variations can be potentially overcome with parasites derived from controlled-human malaria infection (CHMI) studies. METHODS:We performed CHMI studies in healthy and immunologically naïve volunteers receiving the same P. falciparum strain ((Sanaria® PfSPZ Challenge (NF54)), but with different sporozoite dosage and route of infection. Parasites isolated from these volunteers at the day of patency were subjected to in vitro culture for several generations and synchronized ring-stage parasites were subjected to transcriptome profiling. FINDINGS:We observed clear deviations between CHMI-derived parasites from volunteer groups receiving different PfSPZ dose and route. CHMI-derived parasites and the pre-mosquito strain used for PfSPZ generation showed significant transcriptional variability for gene clusters associated with malaria pathogenesis, immune evasion and transmission. These transcriptional variation signature clusters were also observed in the transcriptome of P. falciparum isolates from acute clinical infections. INTERPRETATION:Our work identifies a previously unrecognized transcriptional pattern in malaria infections in a non-immune background. Significant transcriptome heterogeneity exits between parasites derived from human infections and the pre-mosquito strain, implying that the malaria parasites undergo a change in functional state to adapt to its host environment. Our work also highlights the potential use of transcriptomics data from CHMI study advance our understanding of malaria parasite adaptation and transmission in humans. FUND: This work is supported by German Israeli Foundation, German ministry for education and research, MOE Tier 1 from the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund, Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA and the German Centre for Infection Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung-DZIF).

Project description:MudPIT analysis of Plasmodium polysomes. TCA precipitated pellet from Plasmodium falciparum polysomes (~50ug) was solubilized in TRIS-HCl pH8.5 and Urea; reduced and alkylated. The protein suspension was digested overnight using Endoproteinase Lys-C followed by a second overnight digestion at 37°C using Trypsin. Formic acid (5% final) was added to stop the reactions. Sample was loaded on split-triple-phase fused-silica micro-capillary column and placed in-line with linear Velos pro ion-trap mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific), coupled with quaternary Agilent 1260 series HPLC. Fully automated 10-step chromatography run (for a total of 20 hours) was carried out on the sample. Each full MS scan (400-1600 m/z) was followed by ten data-dependent MS/MS scans. The number of the micro scans was set to 1 both for MS and MS/MS. The dynamic exclusion settings used were as follows: repeat count 2; repeat duration 30s; exclusion list size 500 and exclusion duration 90 sec, the minimum signal threshold was set to 500. The MS/MS dataset was searched using SEQUEST (v.27; rev. 9) against a database of 72358 sequences, consisting of 5487 P. falciparum non-redundant proteins (downloaded from PlasmoDB on 2012-07-12), 30536 H. sapiens non-redundant proteins (downloaded from NCBI on 2012-08-27), 177 usual contaminants (such as human keratins, IgGs, and proteolytic enzymes), and, to estimate false discovery rates, 36179 randomized amino acid sequences derived from each non-redundant protein entry. To account for alkylation by CAM, 57 Da were added statically to cysteine residues and to account for the oxidation of methionine residues to methionine sulfoxide (that can occur as an artifact during sample processing) 16Da were added as a differential modification to methionine residue. Peptide/spectrum matches were sorted, selected using DTASelect/CONTRAST (v 1.9). Proteins had to be detected by 1 peptide with 2 independent spectra, leading to FDRs at the protein and spectral levels of 2.89% and 0.26%, respectively.

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Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome analysis reveals pregnancy malaria associated gene expression.

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Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome analysis reveals pregnancy malaria associated gene expression.

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