Dataset Information

Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia.

ABSTRACT: A small focus of hemorrhagic fever (HF) cases occurred near Cochabamba, Bolivia, in December 2003 and January 2004. Specimens were available from only one fatal case, which had a clinical course that included fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, and vomiting with subsequent deterioration and multiple hemorrhagic signs. A non-cytopathic virus was isolated from two of the patient serum samples, and identified as an arenavirus by IFA staining with a rabbit polyvalent antiserum raised against South American arenaviruses known to be associated with HF (Guanarito, Machupo, and Sabiá). RT-PCR analysis and subsequent analysis of the complete virus S and L RNA segment sequences identified the virus as a member of the New World Clade B arenaviruses, which includes all the pathogenic South American arenaviruses. The virus was shown to be most closely related to Sabiá virus, but with 26% and 30% nucleotide difference in the S and L segments, and 26%, 28%, 15% and 22% amino acid differences for the L, Z, N, and GP proteins, respectively, indicating the virus represents a newly discovered arenavirus, for which we propose the name Chapare virus. In conclusion, two different arenaviruses, Machupo and Chapare, can be associated with severe HF cases in Bolivia.

SUBMITTER: Delgado S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2277458 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia.

Delgado Simon S Erickson Bobbie R BR Agudo Roberto R Blair Patrick J PJ Vallejo Efrain E Albariño César G CG Vargas Jorge J Comer James A JA Rollin Pierre E PE Ksiazek Thomas G TG Olson James G JG Nichol Stuart T ST

PLoS pathogens 20080418 4

A small focus of hemorrhagic fever (HF) cases occurred near Cochabamba, Bolivia, in December 2003 and January 2004. Specimens were available from only one fatal case, which had a clinical course that included fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, and vomiting with subsequent deterioration and multiple hemorrhagic signs. A non-cytopathic virus was isolated from two of the patient serum samples, and identified as an arenavirus by IFA staining with a rabbit polyvalent antiserum raised against South ...[more]

PMID: 18421377

Similar Datasets

Project description:Lassa fever virus is a zoonotic pathogen that plagues the endemic areas of West Africa. Rhesus macaques infected with a related arenavirus, LCMV-WE, serve as a model for Lassa-infection of human beings. Using a dose similar to that expected from a needle-stick, monkeys experience an early pre-viremic phase (day 1-3), a viremic phase with febrile onset (day 4-7), and, like human beings who succumb, they die within two weeks. Our goal was to monitor changes in gene expression that parallel disease progression in an effort to 1) identify genes with altered expression after infection, 2) identify genes that could discriminate between a virulent and non-virulent infection, and 3) identify genes encoding products that could serve as treatment targets for FDA-approved pharmaceuticals. Genes related to all three of these categories have been identified and some have been given preliminary validation by quantitative PCR and proteomic studies. These genes will be valuable candidates for future validation as prognostic biomarkers; We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying cellularisation and identified distinct classes of up-regulated genes during this process. Experiment Overall Design: Rhesus macaques inoculated with a lethal dose of LCMV-WE were used to model human infection with Lassa fever virus (Lukashevich et al 2002, 2003; Rodas et al 2004). To identify molecular events that occur during the first few days of virus exposure, we monitored gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples by microarray analysis. Approximately 150 samples from 23 different rhesus macaques (Table 1) were hybridized to Affymetrix U133 chips. Experiment Overall Design: Affymetrix U133 arrays cover the entire human genome with approximately 54,000 gene fragments representing approximately 22,000 genes. The use of these human arrays for macaque transcriptome analysis has been validated by other laboratories (Ace et al, 2004 Wang et al, 2004), i.e. 99.8% of the array elements for which human DNA gave a signal >1.4-fold over background were also >1.4 over background for macaque DNA (Rubins et al, 2004). LCMV-infected blood samples were compared to uninfected controls and genes with over two-fold change in expression were designated âdifferentially expressedâ (Fig. 1). Thus, out of 54,000 elements, 8410 (16%) were differentially regulated with a >2-fold change in expression [supplementary Table 1 has these genes in order of the magnitude of their differential expression]. Experiment Overall Design: Virus was detectable in these monkeys at day 4 after infection by plaque assay and by RT-PCR of blood cDNA (Djavani et al 2005). Although virus is replicating in monocytes, endothelial cells, liver, spleen, and peripheral lymphoid organs soon after inoculation (Rai et al, 1997; Lukashevich et al, 2002), virus is not detectable in the circulation for the first three days. Thus we define the early, pre-viremic stage as days 1-3, and a later viremic stage as days 4-7. Although the LCMV-Armstrong strain replicated as well in cell culture as LCMV-WE, the LCMV-Arm-infected monkeys did not experience viremia, i.e. viral nucleic acid were detected in tissues but virus loads were not high enough to be detected in the circulation. The Arm-infected monkeys resisted a lethal challenge with LCMV-WE, further confirming that they had been productively infected (Rodas et al, 2004). An overview of gene expression in monkeys shows a trend to down-regulate genes at the onset of viremia followed by a sharp increase in up-regulated genes. Those monkeys that did not experience viremia (Armstrong-infected) showed no dramatic down-regulation trend (Fig. 1). Over the entire study period of 7 days, the number of down-regulated genes in the WE-infected macaques was significantly more than the number seen in the Arm-infected monkeys (p < 0.005).

Project description:BACKGROUND: A better description of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of fatal patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is important in alerting clinicians of severe dengue and improving management. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Of 309 adults with DHF, 10 fatal patients and 299 survivors (controls) were retrospectively analyzed. Regarding causes of fatality, massive gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding was found in 4 patients, dengue shock syndrome (DSS) alone in 2; DSS/subarachnoid hemorrhage, Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis/bacteremia, ventilator associated pneumonia, and massive GI bleeding/Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia each in one. Fatal patients were found to have significantly higher frequencies of early altered consciousness (?24 h after hospitalization), hypothermia, GI bleeding/massive GI bleeding, DSS, concurrent bacteremia with/without shock, pulmonary edema, renal/hepatic failure, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Among those experienced early altered consciousness, massive GI bleeding alone/with uremia/with E. faecalis bacteremia, and K. pneumoniae meningitis/bacteremia were each found in one patient. Significantly higher proportion of bandemia from initial (arrival) laboratory data in fatal patients as compared to controls, and higher proportion of pre-fatal leukocytosis and lower pre-fatal platelet count as compared to initial laboratory data of fatal patients were found. Massive GI bleeding (33.3%) and bacteremia (25%) were the major causes of pre-fatal leukocytosis in the deceased patients; 33.3% of the patients with pre-fatal profound thrombocytopenia (<20,000/µL), and 50% of the patients with pre-fatal prothrombin time (PT) prolongation experienced massive GI bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Our report highlights causes of fatality other than DSS in patients with severe dengue, and suggested hypothermia, leukocytosis and bandemia may be warning signs of severe dengue. Clinicians should be alert to the potential development of massive GI bleeding, particularly in patients with early altered consciousness, profound thrombocytopenia, prolonged PT and/or leukocytosis. Antibiotic(s) should be empirically used for patients at risk for bacteremia until it is proven otherwise, especially in those with early altered consciousness and leukocytosis.

Dataset Information

Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia.

Publications

Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure