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Sialoadhesin expressed on IFN-induced monocytes binds HIV-1 and enhances infectivity.

ABSTRACT: HIV-1 infection dysregulates the immune system and alters gene expression in circulating monocytes. Differential gene expression analysis of CD14(+) monocytes from subjects infected with HIV-1 revealed increased expression of sialoadhesin (Sn, CD169, Siglec 1), a cell adhesion molecule first described in a subset of macrophages activated in chronic inflammatory diseases.We analyzed sialoadhesin expression on CD14(+) monocytes by flow cytometry and found significantly higher expression in subjects with elevated viral loads compared to subjects with undetectable viral loads. In cultured CD14(+) monocytes isolated from healthy individuals, sialoadhesin expression was induced by interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Using a stringent binding assay, sialoadhesin-expressing monocytes adsorbed HIV-1 through interaction with the sialic acid residues on the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. Furthermore, monocytes expressing sialoadhesin facilitated HIV-1 trans infection of permissive cells, which occurred in the absence of monocyte self-infection.Increased sialoadhesin expression on CD14(+) monocytes occurred in response to HIV-1 infection with maximum expression associated with high viral load. We show that interferons induce sialoadhesin in primary CD14(+) monocytes, which is consistent with an antiviral response during viremia. Our findings suggest that circulating sialoadhesin-expressing monocytes are capable of binding HIV-1 and effectively delivering virus to target cells thereby enhancing the distribution of HIV-1. Sialoadhesin could disseminate HIV-1 to viral reservoirs during monocyte immunosurveillance or migration to sites of inflammation and then facilitate HIV-1 infection of permissive cells.

SUBMITTER: Rempel H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2288672 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sialoadhesin expressed on IFN-induced monocytes binds HIV-1 and enhances infectivity.

Rempel Hans H Calosing Cyrus C Sun Bing B Pulliam Lynn L

PloS one 20080416 4

<h4>Background</h4>HIV-1 infection dysregulates the immune system and alters gene expression in circulating monocytes. Differential gene expression analysis of CD14(+) monocytes from subjects infected with HIV-1 revealed increased expression of sialoadhesin (Sn, CD169, Siglec 1), a cell adhesion molecule first described in a subset of macrophages activated in chronic inflammatory diseases.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We analyzed sialoadhesin expression on CD14(+) monocytes by flow cyto ...[more]

PMID: 18414664

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Project description:A unique aspect of human monocytes, compared to monocytes from many other species, is that they express the CD4 molecule. However, the role of the CD4 molecule in human monocyte development and function is not known. We determined that the activation of CD4 via interaction with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) triggers cytokine expression and the differentiation of human monocytes into functional mature macrophages. Importantly, we determined that CD4 activation induces intracellular signaling in monocytes and that inhibition of the MAPK and Src family kinase pathways blocked the ability of CD4 ligation to trigger macrophage differentiation. We observed that ligation of CD4 by MHC-II on activated endothelial cells induced CD4-mediated macrophage differentiation of blood monocytes. Finally, CD4 ligation by MHC-II increases the susceptibility of blood-derived monocytes to HIV binding and subsequent infection. Altogether, our studies have identified a novel function for the CD4 molecule on peripheral monocytes and suggest that a unique set of events that lead to innate immune activation differ between humans and mice. Further, these events can have effects on HIV infection and persistence in the macrophage compartment.The CD4 molecule, as the primary receptor for HIV, plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis. There are many cell types that express CD4 other than the primary HIV target, the CD4(+) T cell. Other than allowing HIV infection, the role of the CD4 molecule on human monocytes or macrophages is not known. We were interested in determining the role of CD4 in human monocyte/macrophage development and function and the potential effects of this on HIV infection. We identified a role for the CD4 molecule in triggering the activation and development of a monocyte into a macrophage following its ligation. Activation of the monocyte through the CD4 molecule in this manner increases the ability of monocytes to bind to and become infected with HIV. Our studies have identified a novel function for the CD4 molecule on peripheral monocytes in triggering macrophage development that has direct consequences for HIV infection.

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Sialoadhesin expressed on IFN-induced monocytes binds HIV-1 and enhances infectivity.

Publications

Sialoadhesin expressed on IFN-induced monocytes binds HIV-1 and enhances infectivity.

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