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Molecular evolution of integrins: genes encoding integrin beta subunits from a coral and a sponge.

ABSTRACT: The integrin family of cell surface receptors is strongly conserved in higher animals, but the evolutionary history of integrins is obscure. We have identified and sequenced cDNAs encoding integrin beta subunits from a coral (phylum Cnidaria) and a sponge (Porifera), indicating that these proteins existed in the earliest stages of metazoan evolution. The coral betaCn1 and, especially, the sponge betaPo1 sequences are the most divergent of the "beta1-class" integrins and share a number of features not found in any other vertebrate or invertebrate integrins. Perhaps the greatest difference from other beta subunits is found in the third and fourth repeats of the cysteine-rich stalk, where the generally conserved spacings between cysteines are highly variable, but not similar, in betaCn1 and betaPo1. Alternatively spliced cDNAs, containing a stop codon about midway through the full-length translated sequence, were isolated from the sponge library. These cDNAs appear to define a boundary between functional domains, as they would encode a protein that includes the globular ligand-binding head but would be missing the stalk, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains. These and other sequence comparisons with vertebrate integrins are discussed with respect to models of integrin structure and function.

SUBMITTER: Brower DL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC23098 | biostudies-literature | 1997 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular evolution of integrins: genes encoding integrin beta subunits from a coral and a sponge.

Brower D L DL Brower S M SM Hayward D C DC Ball E E EE

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19970801 17

The integrin family of cell surface receptors is strongly conserved in higher animals, but the evolutionary history of integrins is obscure. We have identified and sequenced cDNAs encoding integrin beta subunits from a coral (phylum Cnidaria) and a sponge (Porifera), indicating that these proteins existed in the earliest stages of metazoan evolution. The coral betaCn1 and, especially, the sponge betaPo1 sequences are the most divergent of the "beta1-class" integrins and share a number of feature ...[more]

PMID: 9256456

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Project description:BackgroundMany studies have proven the importance of SnRK1 in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and plant development. Compared to Arabidopsis, much less is known about SnRK1 complexes in crop plants, and therefore, more work needs to be done to identify SnRK1 genes and to investigate their function in crop plants.MethodsIn this study we identified five SnRK1-related genes in potato by analyzing the potato genome through BLAST, which encode one α-subunit isoform (stKIN), two β-subunit isoforms (stKINβ1 and stKINβ2) and two γ-subunit isoforms (stKINγ and stKINβγ). To investigate the functions of SnRK1 in the tuber development of potato, we further made overexpression and RNAi transgenic plants of these five genes. Based on these overexpression transgenic plants, the Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) were employed to purify SnRK1 complexes, which were tracked by western-blot.ResultsExperiments in vivo and in vitro showed that these five proteins in potato are functional SNF1/AMPK/SnRK1-related proteins. The SnRK1 activity decreased by 60% in the RNAi transgenic lines of stKIN; the starch content increased by 25% in the overexpression transgenic lines of stKIN, compared to that in the wild-type lines, whereas there is no significant difference in SnRK1 activity and starch content in the RNAi transgenic or overexpression lines of stKINβ1, stKINβ2, stKINγ and stKINβγ. In addition, we found that a few different SnRK1 complexes are present in potato by partially purifying SnRK1 complexes from these overexpression transgenic plants.ConclusionsFive functional SnRK1-related genes were identified in potato, including three novel genes, which encode one α-subunit isoform (stKIN), two β-subunit isoforms (stKINβ1 and stKINβ2) and two γ-subunit isoforms (stKINγ and stKINβγ). We found that a few SnRK1 related genes are present in potato tuber, which form several different SnRK1 isoenzymes. We found that stKIN is the primary α subunit of SnRK1 in potato tuber and plays important roles in the development of potato tubers.

Dataset Information

Molecular evolution of integrins: genes encoding integrin beta subunits from a coral and a sponge.

Publications

Molecular evolution of integrins: genes encoding integrin beta subunits from a coral and a sponge.

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