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Robust score statistics for QTL linkage analysis.

ABSTRACT: The traditional variance components approach for quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis is sensitive to violations of normality and fails for selected sampling schemes. Recently, a number of new methods have been developed for QTL mapping in humans. Most of the new methods are based on score statistics or regression-based statistics and are expected to be relatively robust to non-normality of the trait distribution and also to selected sampling, at least in terms of type I error. Whereas the theoretical development of these statistics is more or less complete, some practical issues concerning their implementation still need to be addressed. Here we study some of these issues such as the choice of denominator variance estimates, weighting of pedigrees, effect of parameter misspecification, effect of non-normality of the trait distribution, and effect of incorporating dominance. We present a comprehensive discussion of the theoretical properties of various denominator variance estimates and of the weighting issue and then perform simulation studies for nuclear families to compare the methods in terms of power and robustness. Based on our analytical and simulation results, we provide general guidelines regarding the choice of appropriate QTL mapping statistics in practical situations.

SUBMITTER: Bhattacharjee S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2427220 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Robust score statistics for QTL linkage analysis.

Bhattacharjee Samsiddhi S Kuo Chia-Ling CL Mukhopadhyay Nandita N Brock Guy N GN Weeks Daniel E DE Feingold Eleanor E

American journal of human genetics 20080221 3

The traditional variance components approach for quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis is sensitive to violations of normality and fails for selected sampling schemes. Recently, a number of new methods have been developed for QTL mapping in humans. Most of the new methods are based on score statistics or regression-based statistics and are expected to be relatively robust to non-normality of the trait distribution and also to selected sampling, at least in terms of type I error. Wherea ...[more]

PMID: 18304491

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Project description:Interval mapping approaches have been playing significant role for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to discover genetic architecture of diseases or traits with molecular markers. Composite interval mapping (CIM) is one of the superior approaches of the interval mapping for discovering both linked and unlinked putative QTL positions. However, estimators of this approach are not robust against phenotypic outliers. As a result, it fails to detect true QTL positions in presence of outliers. In this study, we investigated the performance of ?-Composite Interval Mapping (BetaCIM) for detecting both linked and unlinked important QTLs positions from the robustness points of views. Performance of this approach depends on the value of tuning parameter ?. It reduces to the classical CIM approach for ? ?0. We described and formulated the cross-validation procedure for selecting trait specific optimum value of ?. It was observed that the optimum value of ? depends on both amount of contaminated observations and their scatteredness. BetaCIM approach discover similar QTL positions as classical IM/CIM in absence of phenotypic outliers, but gives better results in presence of phenotypic outliers in terms of detecting true QTLs and effects estimation. We formulated the generalized forms of robust QTL analysis and developed an R-package named "BetaCIM" by implementing this robust approach. Left and right kidney weight data sets of mouse intercross population (129 S1/SvlmJ × A/J) were analyzed by using BetaCIM, CIM, and IM approaches. For right kidney weight (RKW) CIM and BetaCIM provided similar LOD score profile, and both approaches identified 3 QTL positions. IM approach also identified 3 QTL positions. For left kidney weight (LKW), there was evidence of one outlying observation; and in this case the BetaCIM approach identified 2 QTL positions. However, none of the QTLs were significant by CIM and IM approaches at 5% level of significance. Gene expression ontology (GEO) search showed that the candidate genes (Otof and A330033J07Rik) of the identified QTLs for LKW were expressed in kidney. Both simulation and real data analysis results showed that BetaCIM approach improves the performance over the existing methods in presence of phenotypic outliers. Otherwise, it keeps almost equal performance.

Project description:BackgroundGenome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers coupled with allele dosage information has emerged as a powerful tool for studying complex traits in cultivated autotetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L., 2n = 4× = 48). To date, this approach has been effectively applied to the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying highly heritable traits such as disease resistance, but largely unexplored for traits with complex patterns of inheritance.ResultsIn this study, an F1 tetraploid russet mapping population (162 individuals) was evaluated for multiple quantitative traits over two years and two locations to identify QTLs associated with tuber sugar concentration, processing quality, vine maturity, and other high-value agronomic traits. We report the linkage maps for the 12 potato chromosomes and the QTL location with corresponding genetic models and candidate SNPs explaining the highest phenotypic variation for tuber quality and maturity related traits. Significant QTLs for tuber glucose concentration and tuber fry color were detected on chromosomes 4, 5, 6, 10, and 11. Collectively, these QTLs explained between 24 and 46% of the total phenotypic variation for tuber glucose and fry color, respectively. The QTL on chromosome 10 was associated with apoplastic invertases, with 'Premier Russet' contributing the favorable allele for fry processing quality. On chromosome 5, minor-effect QTLs for tuber glucose concentration and fry color co-localized with various major-effect QTLs, including vine maturity, growth habit, tuber shape, early blight (Altenaria tenuis), and Verticillium wilt (Verticillium spp.).ConclusionsLinkage analysis and QTL mapping in a russet mapping population (A05141) using SNP dosage information successfully identified favorable alleles and candidate SNPs for resistance to the accumulation of tuber reducing sugars. These novel markers have a high potential for the improvement of tuber processing quality. Moreover, the discovery of different genetic models for traits with overlapping QTLs at the maturity locus clearly suggests an independent genetic control.

Project description:BACKGROUND: The traditional strategy to map QTL is to use linkage analysis employing a limited number of markers. These analyses report wide QTL confidence intervals, making very difficult to identify the gene and polymorphisms underlying the QTL effects. The arrival of genome-wide panels of SNPs makes available thousands of markers increasing the information content and therefore the likelihood of detecting and fine mapping QTL regions. The aims of the current study are to confirm previous QTL regions for growth and body composition traits in different generations of an Iberian x Landrace intercross (IBMAP) and especially identify new ones with narrow confidence intervals by employing the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip in linkage analyses. RESULTS: Three generations (F3, Backcross 1 and Backcross 2) of the IBMAP and their related animals were genotyped with PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. A total of 8,417 SNPs equidistantly distributed across autosomes were selected after filtering by quality, position and frequency to perform the QTL scan. The joint and separate analyses of the different IBMAP generations allowed confirming QTL regions previously identified in chromosomes 4 and 6 as well as new ones mainly for backfat thickness in chromosomes 4, 5, 11, 14 and 17 and shoulder weight in chromosomes 1, 2, 9 and 13; and many other to the chromosome-wide signification level. In addition, most of the detected QTLs displayed narrow confidence intervals, making easier the selection of positional candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of higher density of markers has allowed to confirm results obtained in previous QTL scans carried out with microsatellites. Moreover several new QTL regions have been now identified in regions probably not covered by markers in previous scans, most of these QTLs displayed narrow confidence intervals. Finally, prominent putative biological and positional candidate genes underlying those QTL effects are listed based on recent porcine genome annotation.

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Robust score statistics for QTL linkage analysis.

Publications

Robust score statistics for QTL linkage analysis.

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