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CD73 is required for efficient entry of lymphocytes into the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

ABSTRACT: CD73 is a cell surface enzyme of the purine catabolic pathway that catalyzes the breakdown of AMP to adenosine. Because of the strong immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory properties of adenosine, we predicted that cd73(-/-) mice would develop severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease, multiple sclerosis. Surprisingly, cd73(-/-) mice were resistant to EAE. However, CD4 T cells from cd73(-/-) mice secreted more proinflammatory cytokines than wild-type (WT) mice and were able to induce EAE when transferred into naïve cd73(+/+) T cell-deficient recipients. Therefore, the protection from EAE observed in cd73(-/-) mice was not caused by a deficiency in T cell responsiveness. Immunohistochemistry showed that cd73(-/-) mice had fewer infiltrating lymphocytes in their CNS compared with WT mice. Importantly, susceptibility to EAE could be induced in cd73(-/-) mice after the transfer of WT CD73(+)CD4(+) T cells, suggesting that CD73 must be expressed either on T cells or in the CNS for disease induction. In the search for the source of CD73 in the CNS that might facilitate lymphocyte migration, immunohistochemistry revealed a lack of CD73 expression on brain endothelial cells and high expression in the choroid plexus epithelium which regulates lymphocyte immunosurveillance between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Because blockade of adenosine receptor signaling with the A(2a) adenosine receptor-specific antagonist SCH58261 protected WT mice from EAE induction, we conclude that CD73 expression and adenosine receptor signaling are required for the efficient entry of lymphocytes into the CNS during EAE development.

SUBMITTER: Mills JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2453691 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CD73 is required for efficient entry of lymphocytes into the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Mills Jeffrey H JH Thompson Linda F LF Mueller Cynthia C Waickman Adam T AT Jalkanen Sirpa S Niemela Jussi J Airas Laura L Bynoe Margaret S MS

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20080630 27

CD73 is a cell surface enzyme of the purine catabolic pathway that catalyzes the breakdown of AMP to adenosine. Because of the strong immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory properties of adenosine, we predicted that cd73(-/-) mice would develop severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease, multiple sclerosis. Surprisingly, cd73(-/-) mice were resistant to EAE. However, CD4 T cells from cd73(-/-) mice secreted mo ...[more]

PMID: 18591671

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Project description:Neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation has been proposed as a therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). NPCs are suggested to exert immune modulation when they are transplanted in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Herein, we explore whether the effect of NPC transplantation on the clinical course and the pathological features of EAE is combined with the modulation of chemokines levels expressed in the inflamed CNS. NPCs were isolated from brains of neonatal C57/Bl6 mice and were subcutaneously administered in female mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE. Clinical signs of the disease and transcript analysis of the CNS in the acute phase were performed. In addition, the presence of inflammatory components in the spinal cord was evaluated and ex vivo proliferation of lymphocytes was measured. NPC recipients exhibited ameliorated clinical outcome and less pronounced pathological features in their spinal cord. Downregulation of chemokine mRNA levels throughout the CNS was correlated with diminished Mac-3-, CD3-, and CD4-positive cells and reduced expression levels of antigen-presenting molecules in the spinal cord. Moreover, NPC transplantation resulted in lymphocyte-related, although not splenocyte-related, peripheral immunosuppression. We conclude that NPCs ameliorated EAE potentially by modulating the levels of chemokines expressed in the inflamed CNS, thus resulting in the impaired recruitment of immune cells. These findings further contribute to the better understanding of NPCs' immunomodulatory properties in neuroinflammatory disorders, and may lead to faster translation into potential clinical use.Endogenous neural precursor cells of the central nervous system are able to migrate and differentiate toward mature cells to repair an injury. There is increasing evidence that autologous transplantation of these cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the animal model of multiple sclerosis, may have a beneficial effect on the disease process. Several mechanisms have been proposed-among them, the potentiation of endogenous precursor cell differentiation of the central nervous system and the modulation of demyelinating and neurodegenerative immune-mediated processes. This article provides evidence of interference in immune signaling within the central nervous system as a potential mechanism underlying the immunomodulatory properties of transplanted neural precursor cells.

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Dataset Information

CD73 is required for efficient entry of lymphocytes into the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Publications

CD73 is required for efficient entry of lymphocytes into the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

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