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Immunoglobulin superfamily members play an important role in the mosquito immune system.

ABSTRACT: Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins are known for their ability to specifically recognize and adhere to other molecules, mediating cell-surface reception and pathogen recognition. Mammalian IgSF proteins such as antibodies are among the best characterized molecules of the immune system; in contrast, the involvement of invertebrate IgSF members in immunity has not been broadly studied. Analysis of the predicted Anopheles gambiae transcriptome identified 138 proteins that have at least one immunoglobulin domain. Challenge with Plasmodium, Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria resulted in significant regulation of 85 IgSF genes, indicating potential roles for these molecules in infection responses and immunity. Based on sequence and expression data, six infection-responsive with immunoglobulin domain (IRID 1-6) genes were chosen and functionally characterized with regard to their role in innate immunity. Reverse-genetic gene-silencing assays showed IRID3, IRID5 and IRID6 contribute to viability upon bacterial infection while IRID4 and IRID6 are involved in limiting Plasmodium falciparum infection.

SUBMITTER: Garver LS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2483948 | biostudies-literature | 2008

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Immunoglobulin superfamily members play an important role in the mosquito immune system.

Garver Lindsey S LS Xi Zhiyong Z Dimopoulos George G

Developmental and comparative immunology 20071106 5

Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins are known for their ability to specifically recognize and adhere to other molecules, mediating cell-surface reception and pathogen recognition. Mammalian IgSF proteins such as antibodies are among the best characterized molecules of the immune system; in contrast, the involvement of invertebrate IgSF members in immunity has not been broadly studied. Analysis of the predicted Anopheles gambiae transcriptome identified 138 proteins that have at least one ...[more]

PMID: 18036658

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Project description:Background:Testicular cancer is a very common malignancy in young men. Although testicular cancer has a high cure rate, patients have a high long-term risk of secondary malignant tumors and cardiovascular disease. In addition, for patients resistant to traditional treatment methods, new treatment methods and methods for predicting prognosis are also urgently needed. Methods:Gene expression profiles of 165 normal testicular tissues and 156 testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) tissues from GTEx database and TCGA database were used to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TGCT. Through the ImmPort database, we obtained immune-related genes (IRGs). Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic IRGs. A transcription factor regulatory network was constructed to clarify the possible regulatory mechanism for the differential expression of these IRGs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to establish a prognostic model. Gene expression data and related survival data of 108 TCGT patients from GEO database were used for external validation. Survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) curve analysis, independent prognostic analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and clinical correlation analysis were performed to evaluate this model. Results:Three hundred and thirty-three IRGs were differentially expressed between TGCT and normal testicular tissues. We established a prognostic model (riskScore) based on 5 risk genes (SEMA6B, SEMA3G, OBP2B, INSL6 and RETN). Whether in the training cohort, the testing cohort or the entire TCGA cohort, this model could accurately stratify patients with different survival outcomes. The prognostic value of riskScore and 5 risk genes was also confirmed in the GEO database. GSEA analysis showed that DEGs in patients with better prognosis were enriched in immune-related pathways, while DEGs in patients with poorer prognosis were enriched in cancer-related pathways and cardiovascular disease-related pathways. Finally, a new Nomogram with higher prognostic value was constructed to better predict the 1-year PFS, 3-year PFS and 5-year PFS of TCGT patients. Conclusions:We successfully established an immune-related risk model with high prognostic value and created a new Nomogram. We found that different immune status in tumor microenvironment may be responsible for the different survival outcomes among TGCT patients.

Project description:BackgroundFerroptosis, a new form of programmed cell death, has great potential for cancer treatment. However, the roles of ferroptosis-related (FR) genes in breast cancer (BC) remain elusive.Materials and methodsUsing TCGA database, a novel FR risk signature was constructed through the Lasso regression analysis. Meanwhile, its prognostic value was assessed by a series of survival analyses. Besides, a nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival rate (OSR) of individual at 1,3,5 year. Four validation cohorts (n = 2248), including METABRIC, GSE58812, GSE20685 and ICGC-KR datasets, were employed to test the prognostic value of FR risk signature. The effects of FR risk signature on BC immune microenvironment were explored by CIBERSORT algorithm and ssGSEA method. The histological expressions of FR risk genes were presented by HPA database. The biofunctions of SQLE were determined by qPCR, MTT, wound-healing and Transwell assays.ResultsWe constructed a novel FR risk signature consisting of eight genes. High FR risk led a poor prognosis and was identified as an independent prognostic factor. Besides, A higher proportion of patients with luminal A type was observed in low-risk group (53%), while a higher proportion of patients with basal type in high-risk group (24%). FR risk score could discriminate the prognostic difference of most clinical subgroups, except for M1 stage, HER2 and basal types. Moreover, its prognostic value was successfully validated in other four cohorts. Through immune analyses, we found that the reduced infiltration levels of CD8+ and NK cells, whereas the enhanced activity of antigen presentation process appeared in high FR risk. Then, FR risk score was found to weakly correlate with the expressions of six immune checkpoints. Through the experiments in vitro, we confirmed that overexpression of SQLE could promote, whereas blocking SQLE could inhibit the proliferative, migrative and invasive abilities of BC cells.ConclusionsFR risk signature was conducive to BC prognostic assessment. High FR risk level was closely associated with BC immunosuppression, but may not predict ICIs efficacy. Moreover, SQLE was identified as a crucial cancer-promoting gene in BC. Our findings provide new insights into prognostic assessment and molecular mechanism of BC.

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Immunoglobulin superfamily members play an important role in the mosquito immune system.

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Immunoglobulin superfamily members play an important role in the mosquito immune system.

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