A classic sign of hypothyroidism: a video demonstration.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cyriac S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2492977 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundOral Medication administration is one of the paramount nursing procedures, where nurses must pay their utmost commitment. The vital aims are to reduce medication errors and ensure patient safety. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether the nursing students could learn and retain the basic guidelines for oral medication administration when they are taught using a video-assisted teaching method compared with the lecture-demonstration method and to assess the students' attitudes towards the two types of teaching methods.MethodsThis study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a pre and post-test design. Forty-five students in the first year of the bachelor's degree in nursing programme participated. All the participants completed a self- administered questionnaire, including socio demographic data and questions of oral medication administration. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Oral medication administration procedure was taught using two different teaching methods. Finally, the post-test knowledge scores of both groups were assessed and analysed using the paired-sample t-test.ResultsThe results revealed that there was no significant difference in terms of age, gender and type of residence of students in the two groups. When comparing the pre-test mean score and post-test mean score using paired sample t-test, there was a statistically significant difference in both video demonstration group (t = - 4.533, p < 0.001) and lecture-demonstration group (t = - 4.208, p < 0.001). Almost all the students obtained good knowledge scores regardless of the method used in teaching oral medication administration. However, when comparing post-test scores of both groups using an independent sample t-test, it was identified that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, it was difficult to identify which method was effective than the other. According to the student feedback obtained at the end of the study, 67% of them preferred to have more video demonstrations in their skills classes.ConclusionThe results of this study suggested that oral medication administration can be effectively taught using lecture-demonstration and video-demonstration teaching methods.
| S-EPMC7788856 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hookworm infestation is common in southern India. The adult worms normally reside in the duodenum, graze the intestinal mucosa with their large buccal cavities and ingest the intestinal epithelial cells and blood. Depending on the number of worms the infection may be either asymptomatic or can cause iron deficiency anaemia due to chronic blood loss. Adult worms live in the small intestine and are not usually seen in the stomach. There are only very few case reports in the literature reporting hookworm infestation of the stomach. In this case report we present an endoscopic (video) demonstration of hookworm infestation of the stomach in a woman who presented with chronic anaemia.
| S-EPMC4039940 | biostudies-other
Project description:Hashimoto's encephalopathy often presents with neuropsychiatric manifestations including seizures and movement disorders.We describe a patient who presented with bilateral hand tremor and mild cognitive defects that fulfilled the criteria for a diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. There was a rapid response to glucocorticoid therapy with relapse following treatment withdrawal.Recently published clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy include seizures, myoclonus, hallucinations, or stroke-like episodes but do not include tremor. Our case had mild cognitive dysfunction and a coarse tremor as the predominant clinical features, which probably represent mild disease.
| S-EPMC5075043 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundGowers' sign is a screening test for muscle weakness, typically seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy but also seen in numerous other conditions. The mildest presentations and the variations of Gowers' sign are poorly described in the literature but are important to recognize to help with early diagnosis of a neuromuscular problem.Questions/purposesWe therefore (1) defined the characteristics of the mildest forms and the compensatory mechanism used, (2) categorized the spectrum of this sign as seen in various neuromuscular diseases, and (3) provide educational videos for clinicians.MethodsWe videotaped 33 patients with Gowers' sign and three healthy children. Weakness was categorized as: mild = prolonged or rise using single-hand action; moderate = forming prone crawl position and using one or two hands on thigh; severe = more than two thigh maneuvers, rising with additional aid, or unable to rise.ResultsThe earliest changes were exaggerated torso flexion, wide base, and equinus posturing, which reduce hip extension moment, keep forces anterior to the knee, and improve balance. Patients with moderate weakness have wide hip abduction, shifts in pelvic tilt, and lordosis, which reduce knee extension moment, improve hamstrings moment arm, and aide truncal extension. The classic Gowers' sign (severe) exaggerates all mechanisms.ConclusionsThe classically described Gowers' sign is usually a late finding. However more subtle forms of Gowers' sign including mild hand pressure against the thigh and prone crawl position should be recognized by clinicians to initiate additional diagnostic tests.
| S-EPMC3369091 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveSleep complaints are frequent after acute COVID-19. Aim of this study was to videopolysomnographically evaluate sleep and sleep disorders after SARS-Cov2 infection.MethodsPatients with suspected sleep disorders after acute COVID-19 underwent video-polysomnography (v-PSG) at the Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck. V-PSG was conducted 4.2 (SD = 1.3) months after diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsEleven patients [nine men, age 52.5 (SD = 11.7) years; BMI 29 (SD = 5.2) kg/m2] were included. At 60 days follow-up after diagnosis, persisting breathing complaints were present in 7/11 (64%) patients. After v-PSG four patients (36%) were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Respiratory frequency during sleep was normal and no tachypnea, thoracoabdominal asynchrony, or periodic deep sighing were detected. Four patients (36%) showed REM sleep without atonia (RWA), and two additional patients showed an RWA index within the highest range of normality.ConclusionWe report videopolysomnographic findings in a series of eleven patients after acute COVID-19. A major finding of this study was the presence of isolated RWA, a recognized prodromal stage of RBD, in more than one third of the patients. Future videopolysomnographic investigations including quantification of RWA in patients after COVID-19 will give more insights into a possible acute or post-infectious CNS pathology related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
| S-EPMC7985859 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Esophageal biopsy specimens from patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) can feel firm, with resistance felt when pulling the forceps to obtain the tissue sample. We aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of the esophageal biopsy "pull" sign and determine its histologic associations and response to treatment.This was a prospective cohort study of adults undergoing outpatient upper endoscopy. Cases of EoE were diagnosed per consensus guidelines, and patients were subsequently treated with either topical steroids or dietary elimination. Control subjects were individuals who did not have EoE. The frequency of the esophageal biopsy "pull" sign was assessed in EoE patients and controls, and diagnostic metrics were calculated. The "pull" sign was also reassessed in patients after therapy.A total of 83 EoE patients and 121 control subjects were included. Sixty-three EoE patients (76%) were "pull" sign positive compared with just 2 control subjects (2%; P < .001), corresponding to a sensitivity and specificity of 76% and 98%, positive and negative predictive values of 97% and 86%, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 45.9 and 0.245, respectively. The "pull" sign was the strongest endoscopic predictor of EoE case status at baseline and was less frequent after successful treatment (20% vs 79%; P < .001).The "pull" sign is highly specific for EoE and is rarely seen in non-EoE control subjects. In patients with EoE who respond to treatment, the "pull" sign often resolves. The "pull" sign may be a simple and easily obtained measure of esophageal remodeling.
| S-EPMC4691559 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hypothyroidism is a common condition of thyroid hormone deficiency, which is readily diagnosed and managed but potentially fatal in severe cases if untreated. The definition of hypothyroidism is based on statistical reference ranges of the relevant biochemical parameters and is increasingly a matter of debate. Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism range from life threatening to no signs or symptoms. The most common symptoms in adults are fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation, change in voice, and dry skin, but clinical presentation can differ with age and sex, among other factors. The standard treatment is thyroid hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine. However, a substantial proportion of patients who reach biochemical treatment targets have persistent complaints. In this Seminar, we discuss the epidemiology, causes, and symptoms of hypothyroidism; summarise evidence on diagnosis, long-term risk, treatment, and management; and highlight future directions for research.
| S-EPMC6619426 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in childhood. A significant proportion of CH cases are transient, but the risk factors for permanent CH (PCH) are not yet well established. The current guidelines suggest using levothyroxine until the age of 3?years, but some studies suggest the possibility of earlier discontinuation. However, few, if any, studies have followed up on the results of early discontinuation. This study aimed to identify predictive factors of transient CH among infants with CH. We also investigated the results in patients who underwent a trial of early discontinuation. METHODS:We gathered data regarding infants diagnosed with CH between July 2005 and July 2015 by retrospective chart review. Those with aplastic, hypoplastic or ectopic glands on thyroid ultrasonography or scan were excluded. Among them, early discontinuation subgroup was defined as those who discontinued levothyroxine before 30?months of age. RESULTS:From the 80 infants (40 males, 40 females) enrolled in this study, 51 were preterm. Nine (11.3%) were diagnosed with PCH. Compared with transient cases, those with PCH were on higher levothyroxine dose at discontinuation (4.3 vs 2.9??g/kg, P?<?0.001). There was no difference in the proportion of permanent cases between preterm and full-term groups. In preterm group,infants with PCH required higher levothyroxine dose at discontinuation than those with transient CH (3.8 vs 2.5??g/kg, P?=?0.018). Levothyroxine discontinuation at a dose of 2.86??g/kg could suggest PCH (sensitivity, 88.9%; specificity, 71.0%). Among the 9 patients who underwent a trial of early discontinuation, 8 successfully discontinued levothyroxine. CONCLUSION:The majority of CH patients discontinued levothyroxine successfully, including those who underwent a trial of early discontinuation. Higher levothyroxine dose at the time of discontinuation was found to be a predictive factor for PCH.
| S-EPMC6873549 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human T cell clones were derived according to standard protocols, once assessed for their functional profile were studied for gene expression. The purpose of this study is to analyze human classic Th1, non-classic Th1 and Th17 clones with and without stimulation with anti-CD2+anti-CD3+anti-CD28 coated beads to measure differences in gene expression.
2018-12-01 | GSE110230 | GEO
Project description:BACKGROUND:A relationship between hypothyroidism and depression has been assumed for many years; however, the true nature of this association has been difficult to define with many conflicting studies. In recent years, our knowledge in this area has increased significantly with large cohort studies and genetically driven studies being published. OBJECTIVES:We reviewed the literature on thyroid function and depression to determine if this relationship has been clarified. METHODS:We performed a search on the Pubmed database using the terms 'thyroid? ' and 'mental health? ', 'depression? ' and 'well-being? '. RESULTS:Large epidemiological studies generally suggest no association between thyroid function and depression in subjects without thyroid disease. Subjects on thyroxine have poorer psychological well-being than subjects with no thyroid disease even if biochemically euthyroid, they also show an association between thyroid function and well-being. Whilst there is some early evidence that genetic factors can influence well-being on thyroxine and response to combination therapy, there is also evidence to suggest that much morbidity on thyroxine may be due to initial misdiagnosis and mis-attribution of symptoms. CONCLUSION:Despite the large number of studies, the relationship between thyroid function and depression remains poorly defined. Clarification of the proportion of subjects on thyroxine incorrectly may assist the large (perhaps genetically driven) studies needed to move forward in this area, as it is expected that they cloud the results.
| S-EPMC4017747 | biostudies-literature