Dataset Information

Canine fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 sequence is conserved across dogs of divergent skeletal size.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is expressed in the growth plate of endochondral bones and serves as a negative regulator of linear bone elongation. Activating mutations severely limit bone growth, resulting in dwarfism, while inactivating mutations significantly enhance bone elongation and overall skeletal size. Domesticated dogs exhibit the greatest skeletal size diversity of any species and, given the regulatory role of FGFR3 on growth plate proliferation, we asked whether sequence differences in FGFR3 could account for some of the size differences.

Methods

All exons, the promoter region, and 60 bp of the 3' flanking region of the canine FGFR3 gene were sequenced for nine different dog breeds representing a spectrum of skeletal size. The resultant sequences were compared to the reference Boxer genome sequence.

Results

There was no variation in sequence for any FGFR3 exons, promoter region, or 3' flanking sequence across all breeds evaluated.

Conclusion

The results suggest that, regardless of domestication selection pressure to develop breeds having extreme differences in skeletal size, the FGFR3 gene is conserved. This implies a critical role for this gene in normal skeletal integrity and indicates that other genes account for size variability in dogs.

SUBMITTER: Smith LB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2576350 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Canine fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 sequence is conserved across dogs of divergent skeletal size.

Smith Logan B LB Bannasch Danika L DL Young Amy E AE Grossman Deborah I DI Belanger Janelle M JM Oberbauer Anita M AM

BMC genetics 20081021

<h4>Background</h4>Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is expressed in the growth plate of endochondral bones and serves as a negative regulator of linear bone elongation. Activating mutations severely limit bone growth, resulting in dwarfism, while inactivating mutations significantly enhance bone elongation and overall skeletal size. Domesticated dogs exhibit the greatest skeletal size diversity of any species and, given the regulatory role of FGFR3 on growth plate proliferation, we as ...[more]

PMID: 18940000

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Project description:Background & aimsThe ratio of liver size to body weight (hepatostat) is tightly controlled, but little is known about how the physiologic functions of the liver help determine its size. Livers of mice repopulated with human hepatocytes (humanized livers) grow to larger than normal; the human hepatocytes do not recognize the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-15 produced by mouse intestine. This results in up-regulation of bile acid synthesis in the human hepatocytes and enlargement of the bile acid pool. We investigated whether abnormal bile acid signaling affects the hepatostat in mice.MethodsWe crossed Fah(-/-), Rag2(-/-), Il2r(-/-) mice with nonobese diabetic mice to create FRGN mice, whose livers can be fully repopulated with human hepatocytes. We inserted the gene for human FGF19 (ortholog to mouse Fgf15), including regulatory sequences, into the FRGN mice to create FRGN19(+) mice. Livers of FRGN19(+) mice and their FRGN littermates were fully repopulated with human hepatocytes. Liver tissues were collected and bile acid pool sizes and RNA sequences were analyzed and compared with those of mice without humanized livers (controls).ResultsLivers were larger in FRGN mice with humanized livers (13% of body weight), compared with control FRGN mice; they also had much larger bile acid pools and aberrant bile acid signaling. Livers from FRGN19(+) normalized to 7.8% of body weight, and their bile acid pool and signaling more closely resembled that of control FRGN19(+) mice. RNA sequence analysis showed activation of the Hippo pathway, and immunohistochemical and transcription analyses revealed increased hepatocyte proliferation, but not apoptosis, in the enlarged humanized livers of FRGN mice. Cell sorting experiments showed that although healthy human liver does not produce FGF19, nonparenchymal cells from cholestatic livers produce FGF19.ConclusionsIn mice with humanized livers, expression of an FGF19 transgene corrects bile acid signaling defects, resulting in normalization of bile acid synthesis, the bile acid pool, and liver size. These findings indicate that liver size is, in part, regulated by the size of the bile acid pool that the liver must circulate.

Dataset Information

Canine fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 sequence is conserved across dogs of divergent skeletal size.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Canine fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 sequence is conserved across dogs of divergent skeletal size.

Similar Datasets

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