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Altered cord blood gammadelta T cell repertoire in Nigeria: possible impacts of environmental factors on neonatal immunity.

ABSTRACT: Infectious diseases during pregnancy can impact the development of fetal immunity, leading to reduced neonatal resistance to infection and decreased responses to pediatric vaccines. Plasmodium falciparum causes placental infection in low parity pregnant women and is among the pathogens that affect fetal immunity. Recognizing the relationship between malaria and gammadelta T lymphocytes in adults, we asked whether neonatal gammadelta T cells would be altered in malaria-endemic regions as a marker for changes in fetal immunity. Our initial studies compared cord blood gammadelta T cells from deliveries to HIV- mothers in Jos (Nigeria) where malaria is endemic, or in Rome (Italy). We noted substantial differences in the Vgamma2 repertoire for cord blood collected in Jos or Rome; differences were consistent with a negative selection mechanism operating on the fetal Vgamma2 chain repertoire in neonates from Jos. A specific disruption affected the fraction of gammadelta T cells that we expect will respond to Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Fetal gammadelta T cell depletion might be a mechanism for impaired neonatal immunity and lowered responses to pediatric vaccines.

SUBMITTER: Cairo C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2601555 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Altered cord blood gammadelta T cell repertoire in Nigeria: possible impacts of environmental factors on neonatal immunity.

Cairo Cristiana C Propp Nadia N Auricchio Giovanni G Armstrong Cheryl L CL Abimiku Alash'le A Mancino Giorgio G Colizzi Vittorio V Blattner William W Pauza C David CD

Molecular immunology 20080428 11

Infectious diseases during pregnancy can impact the development of fetal immunity, leading to reduced neonatal resistance to infection and decreased responses to pediatric vaccines. Plasmodium falciparum causes placental infection in low parity pregnant women and is among the pathogens that affect fetal immunity. Recognizing the relationship between malaria and gammadelta T lymphocytes in adults, we asked whether neonatal gammadelta T cells would be altered in malaria-endemic regions as a marker ...[more]

PMID: 18440637

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Project description:ImportanceNeonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a significant cause of neurologic disability. Identifying infants suitable for therapeutic hypothermia (TH) within a narrow therapeutic time is difficult. No single robust biochemical marker is available to clinicians.ObjectiveTo assess the ability of a panel of candidate microRNA (miRNA) to evaluate the development and severity of encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia (PA).Design, setting, and participantsThis validation study included 2 cohorts. For the discovery cohort, full-term infants with PA were enrolled at birth to the Biomarkers in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (BiHiVE1) study (2009-2011) in Cork, Ireland. Encephalopathy grade was defined using early electroencephalogram and Sarnat score (n = 68). The BiHiVE1 cohort also enrolled healthy control infants (n = 22). For the validation cohort, the BiHiVE2 multicenter study (2013-2015), based in Cork, Ireland (7500 live births per annum), and Karolinska Huddinge, Sweden (4400 live births per annum), recruited infants with PA along with healthy control infants to validate findings from BiHiVE1 using identical recruitment criteria (n = 80). The experimental design was formulated prior to recruitment, and analysis was conducted from June 2016 to March 2017.Main outcomes and measuresAlterations in umbilical cord whole-blood miRNA expression.ResultsFrom 170 neonates, 160 were included in the final analysis. The BiHiVE1 cohort included 87 infants (21 control infants, 39 infants with PA, and 27 infants with HIE), and BiHiVE2 included 73 infants (control [n = 22], PA [n = 26], and HIE [n = 25]). The BiHiVE1 and BiHiVE2 had a median age of 40 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 39-41 weeks) and 40 weeks (IQR, 39-41 weeks), respectively, and included 56 boys and 31 girls and 45 boys and 28 girls, respectively. In BiHiVE1, 12 candidate miRNAs were identified, and 7 of these miRNAs were chosen for validation in BiHiVE2. The BiHiVE2 cohort showed consistent alteration of 3 miRNAs; miR-374a-5p was decreased in infants diagnosed as having HIE compared with healthy control infants (median relative quantification, 0.38; IQR, 0.17-0.77 vs 0.95; IQR, 0.68-1.19; P = .009), miR-376c-3p was decreased in infants with PA compared with healthy control infants (median, 0.42; IQR, 0.21-0.61 vs 0.90; IQR, 0.70-1.30; P = .004), and mir-181b-5p was decreased in infants eligible for TH (median, 0.27; IQR, 0.14-1.41) vs 1.18; IQR, 0.70-2.05; P = .02).Conclusions and relevanceAltered miRNA expression was detected in umbilical cord blood of neonates with PA and HIE. These miRNA could assist diagnostic markers for early detection of HIE and PA at birth.

Project description:The study of violin recordings as evidence of interpretation and performance approach has been quite extensive throughout recent decades. Findings such as the limited use of vibrato in early recordings, the relative stabilization of tempo and rhythm characteristic of mid-20th century violin playing, or the effect of 'historically informed performance' (HIP) on 'mainstream' (MS) violinists performing early music repertoire, are fundamental in the identification of prevailing norms of practice and changes of style that have occurred over time. However, compared to the considerable amount of research conducted on 20th century playing, studies focusing on 21st century violin performances are still quite limited, and are mostly based on recordings of J. S. Bach's sonatas and partitas for solo violin. This paper examines contemporary violin recordings made in recent decades (1999-2017). It aims to explore the most current trends in early 21st century violin performance practices and identify the impact of HIP principles on the new generation of players. Unlike most previous research, it focuses on recordings made to 19th century repertoire, thus enlarging the spectrum to include performance analysis of a relatively untouched field and enabling examination of the degree and manner of incorporating 19th century performance attributes (e.g., utilization of rhythmic unevenness, portamento or harmonics) into contemporary praxis. Results suggest an extensive blend of stylistic approaches among currently active violinists, putting into question the relevance of the traditional distinction made between HIP and MS performance styles when it comes to current performance vogue. Incorporating 19th century performance devices while playing 19th century music was traced in varying degrees. Findings are suggested as being part of a general, quasi-postmodern quest for pluralism and elimination of hierarchical classifications, representing an era of 'over-choice' environment.

Dataset Information

Altered cord blood gammadelta T cell repertoire in Nigeria: possible impacts of environmental factors on neonatal immunity.

Publications

Altered cord blood gammadelta T cell repertoire in Nigeria: possible impacts of environmental factors on neonatal immunity.

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