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Postmenopausal increase in KiSS-1, GPR54, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-1) mRNA in the basal hypothalamus of female rhesus monkeys.

ABSTRACT: The G-protein coupled receptor, GPR54, and its ligand, kisspeptin-54 (a KiSS-1 derived peptide) have been reported to be important players in control of LHRH-1 release. However, the role of the GPR54 signaling in primate reproductive senescence is still unclear. In the present study we investigated whether KiSS-1, GPR54, and LHRH-1 mRNA in the brain change after menopause in female rhesus monkeys using quantitative real-time PCR. Results indicate that KiSS-1, GPR54, and LHRH-1 mRNA levels in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) in postmenopausal females (28.3+/-1.1 years of age, n=5) were all significantly higher than that in eugonadal adult females (14.7+/-2.1 years of age, n=9), whereas KiSS-1, GPR54, and LHRH-1 mRNA levels in the preoptic area (POA) did not have any significant changes between the two age groups. To further determine the potential contribution by the absence of ovarian steroids, we compared the changes in KiSS-1, GPR54, and LHRH-1 mRNA levels in young adult ovarian intact vs. young ovariectomized females. Results indicate that KiSS-1 and LHRH-1 mRNA levels in the MBH, not POA, in ovariectomized females were significantly higher than those in ovarian intact females, whereas GPR54 mRNA levels in ovariectomized females had a tendency to be elevated in the MBH, although the values were not quite statistically significant. Collectively, in the primate the reduction in the negative feedback control by ovarian steroids appears to be responsible for the aging changes in kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling and the elevated state of the LHRH-1 neuronal system.

SUBMITTER: Kim W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2612733 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Postmenopausal increase in KiSS-1, GPR54, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-1) mRNA in the basal hypothalamus of female rhesus monkeys.

Kim Wooram W Jessen Heather M HM Auger Anthony P AP Terasawa Ei E

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The G-protein coupled receptor, GPR54, and its ligand, kisspeptin-54 (a KiSS-1 derived peptide) have been reported to be important players in control of LHRH-1 release. However, the role of the GPR54 signaling in primate reproductive senescence is still unclear. In the present study we investigated whether KiSS-1, GPR54, and LHRH-1 mRNA in the brain change after menopause in female rhesus monkeys using quantitative real-time PCR. Results indicate that KiSS-1, GPR54, and LHRH-1 mRNA levels in the ...[more]

PMID: 18619506

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Project description:The kisspeptin/Gpr54 signalling pathway plays a critical role in reproduction by stimulating the secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), yet mice carrying mutations in Kiss1 (which encodes kisspeptin) or Gpr54 exhibit partial sexual maturation. For example, a proportion of female Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) mice exhibit vaginal oestrus, and some male Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) mice exhibit spermatogenesis. To characterise this partial sexual maturation, we examined the vaginal cytology of female Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) mice over time. Almost all mutant mice eventually enter oestrus, and then spontaneously transition from oestrus to dioestrus and back to oestrus again. These transitions are not associated with ovulation, and the frequency of these transitions increases with age. The oestrus exhibited by female Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) mice was disrupted by the administration of the competitive GnRH antagonist acyline, which also resulted in lower uterine weights and, in Kiss1(-/-) mice, lower serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations. Similarly, male Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) mice treated with acyline had smaller testicular sizes and an absence of mature sperm. In addition to examining intact Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) mice, we also assessed the effects of acyline on gonadotrophin concentrations in gonadectomised mice. Gonadectomy resulted in a significant increase in serum FSH concentrations in male Gpr54(-/-) and Kiss1(-/-) mice. Acyline administration to gonadectomised Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) male mice lowered serum FSH and LH concentrations significantly. By contrast to males, gonadectomy did not result in significant gonadotrophin changes in female Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) mice, but acyline administration was followed by a decrease in LH concentrations. These results demonstrate that, although kisspeptin signalling is critical for the high levels of GnRH activity required for normal sexual maturation and for ovulation, Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) mice retain some degree of GnRH activity. This GnRH activity is sufficient to produce significant effects on vaginal cytology and uterine weights in female mice and on spermatogenesis and testicular weights in male mice.

Project description:In many mammals, the duration of the nocturnal melatonin elevation regulates seasonal changes in reproductive hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH). Melatonin's effects on human reproductive endocrinology are uncertain. It is thought that the same hypothalamic pulse generator may both trigger the pulsatile release of GnRH and LH and also cause hot flashes. Thus, if melatonin suppressed this pulse generator in postmenopausal women, it might moderate hot flashes. This clinical trial tested the hypothesis that melatonin could suppress LH and relieve hot flashes.Twenty postmenopausal women troubled by hot flashes underwent one week of baseline observation followed by 4 weeks of a randomized controlled trial of melatonin or matched placebo. The three randomized treatments were melatonin 0.5 mg 2.5-3 hours before bedtime, melatonin 0.5 mg upon morning awakening, or placebo capsules. Twelve of the women were admitted to the GCRC at baseline and at the end of randomized treatment for 24-hour sampling of blood for LH. Morning urine samples were collected twice weekly to measure LH excretion. Subjective responses measured throughout baseline and treatment included sleep and hot flash logs, the CESD and QIDS depression self-ratings, and the SAFTEE physical symptom inventory.Urinary LH tended to increase from baseline to the end of treatment. Contrasts among the 3 randomized groups were statistically marginal, but there was relative suppression combining the groups given melatonin as contrasted to the placebo group (p < 0.01 one-tailed, Mann-Whitney U = 14). Similar but not significant results were seen in blood LH. There were no significant contrasts among groups in hot flashes, sleep, depression, or side-effect measures and no significant adverse effects of any sort.The data are consistent with the hypothesis that melatonin suppresses LH in postmenopausal women. An effect related to the duration of nocturnal melatonin elevation is suggested. Effects of melatonin on reproductive endocrinology should be studied further in younger women and in men. Larger studies of melatonin effects on postmenopausal symptoms would be worthwhile.

Dataset Information

Postmenopausal increase in KiSS-1, GPR54, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-1) mRNA in the basal hypothalamus of female rhesus monkeys.

Publications

Postmenopausal increase in KiSS-1, GPR54, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-1) mRNA in the basal hypothalamus of female rhesus monkeys.

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