Adverse hospital events for mentally ill patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.
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ABSTRACT: Context
Patients with mental disorders show higher burden of coronary heart disease, and may face special safety issues during in-hospital cardiac care.Objectives
To compare the postoperative complication rate between patients with and without mental disorders undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.Design, setting, and patients
Retrospective analyses of New York state hospital claims between 1997 and 2004 (N=135,701). Complications were defined using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety Indicators (AHRQ PSI).Principal findings
Mental disorders were significantly associated with higher anesthesia complications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=6.44, p < .001), decubitus ulcer (AOR=1.42, p = .006), postoperative hip fracture (AOR = 3.29, p < .001), and overall complication rate representing nine PSIs (AOR = 1.27, p < .001).Conclusions
Mentally ill patients undergoing CABG surgery are more likely to experience potentially preventable complications and injuries. The mechanism underlying this observation warrants further study.
SUBMITTER: Li Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2613995 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundThe impact of utilization of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) at the time of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on clinical decision making and associated outcomes is not well understood.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the association of TEE with post-CABG mortality and changes to the operative plan.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of planned isolated CABG patients from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database between January 1, 2011, and June 30, 2019, was performed. The exposure variable of interest was use of intraoperative TEE during CABG compared with no TEE. The primary outcome was operative mortality. The association of TEE with unplanned valve surgery was also assessed.ResultsOf 1,255,860 planned isolated CABG procedures across 1218 centers, 676,803 (53.9%) had intraoperative TEE. The percentage of patients receiving intraoperative TEE increased over time from 39.9% in 2011 to 62.1% in 2019 (p trend <0.0001). CABG patients undergoing intraoperative TEE had lower odds of mortality (adjusted odds ratio: 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.91 to 0.99; p = 0.025), with heterogeneity across STS risk groups (p interaction = 0.015). TEE was associated with increased odds of unplanned valve procedure in lieu of planned isolated CABG (adjusted odds ratio: 4.98; 95% confidence interval: 3.98 to 6.22; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIntraoperative TEE usage during planned isolated CABG is associated with lower operative mortality, particularly in higher-risk patients, as well as greater odds of unplanned valve procedure. These findings support usage of TEE to improve outcomes for isolated CABG for high-risk patients.
| S-EPMC8876254 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study was aimed to investigate the clinical relevance between glycoprotein Ia (GPIA) rs1126643C/T polymorphism and the outcome of coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and explore the involved potential mechanisms. We genotyped GPIA rs1126643 polymorphism of 1592 patients who underwent CABG and followed up for a median period of 72.8 months. Patients who are GPIA rs1126643 T-allele carriers have a higher major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events risk post-CABG than those who are CC homozygotes (hazard ratio [HR]=1.29; P=0.022). The clinical association between the risk allele (T) carriage and major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events was confirmed in another cohort study, which included 646 CABG patients from various health centers across China. Meanwhile, rs1126643 T allele was also linked with increased risk of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (HR=1.73; P=0.019). To explore the underlying mechanisms, we prospectively recruited 131 coronary artery disease patients, assessed their platelet aggregation function, and focused on detecting their GPIA mRNA level and protein expression. Results showed that patients with rs1126643 T allele have elevated platelet aggregation activity (P=0.029) when protein expression is increased (P<0.001) and not affected by glycoprotein Ia mRNA level. The synonymous common variant, GPIA rs1126643, increases the long-term adverse events risk of CABG by augmenting GPIa protein expression and enhancing platelet aggregation function. This finding can serve as the implication of improving secondary prevention of CABG patients.
| S-EPMC5210398 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study retrospectively investigated the effect of dexmedetomidine on outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.Retrospective investigation.Patients from a single tertiary medical center.A total of 724 patients undergoing CABG surgery met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into 2 groups: 345 in the dexmedetomidine group (DEX) and 379 in the nondexmedetomidine group (Non-DEX).Perioperative dexmedetomidine was used as an intravenous infusion (0.24 to 0.6 µg/kg/hour) initiated after cardiopulmonary bypass and continued for less than 24 hours postoperatively in the intensive care unit.Major outcome measures of this study were in-hospital, 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality, delirium and major adverse cardiocerebral events. Perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion was associated with significant reductions in in-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortalities, compared with the patients who did not received dexmedetomidine. In-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortalities were 1.5% and 4.0% (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.332; 95% CI, 0.155 to 0.708; p = 0.0044), 2.0% and 4.5% (adjusted OR, 0.487; 95% CI, 0.253 to 0.985; p = 0.0305), and 3.2% and 6.9% (adjusted OR 0.421; 95% CI, 0.247 to 0.718, p = 0.0015), respectively. Perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion was associated with a reduced risk of delirium from 7.9% to 4.6% (adjusted OR, 0.431; 95% CI, 0.265-0.701; p = 0.0007).Dexmedetomidine infusion during CABG surgery was more likely to achieve improved in-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year survival rates, and a significantly lower incidence of delirium.
| S-EPMC4402998 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesCovert stroke is a complication of coronary artery bypass graft surgery that is increasingly recognized as a serious problem. In noncardiac surgery settings, covert stroke is associated with the development of delirium, long-term cognitive decline, and future clinical stroke. Therefore, we sought to determine the feasibility of conducting a large, prospective cohort study of the influence of covert stroke on neurocognitive outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.MethodsNeuroVISION Cardiac pilot was a prospective cohort study enrolling patients aged ≥21 years undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery to receive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain after surgery to identify patients with covert stroke. Patients were screened for postoperative delirium in-hospital and were administered questionnaires of cognitive and global function (once before and twice after surgery). Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was recorded during surgery using near-infrared spectroscopy.ResultsBetween March 27, 2017, and February 11, 2018, 50 of 66 patients enrolled (76%) completed the brain magnetic resonance imaging (1 patient per week). Among the 49 patients included in the analysis, 19 (39%; 95% confidence interval, 26%-53%) experienced perioperative covert stroke and 3 (6%) had a clinical stroke within 30 days of surgery. Postoperative delirium occurred in 5 (26%) patients with covert stroke and in 3 (10%) patients who did not experience covert stroke.ConclusionsThe NeuroVISION Cardiac pilot study established the feasibility of conducting a large, prospective cohort study of the determinants and consequences of covert stroke in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
| S-EPMC9390707 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background-Coronary endarterectomy (CEA) has been introduced to allow revascularization in end-stage coronary artery disease (CAD). After CEA, the injured remnants of the vessel's media could result in fast neo intimal tissue ingrowth, which require an anti-proliferation agent (antiplatelet therapy (APT). We aimed to review outcomes of patients undergoing CEA within bypass surgery who received either single-APT (SAPT) or dual-APT (DAPT). Methods-We retrospectively evaluated 353 consecutive patients undergoing CEA within isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the period 01/2000-07/2019. After surgery, patients received either SAPT (n = 153), or DAPT (n = 200) for six months then lifelong SAPT. Endpoints included early, late survival, and freedom from major-adverse-cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), which were defined as incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction, need for coronary intervention (PCI or CABG) or death for any cause. Results-Patients' mean age was 67 ± 9.3 years; they were predominantly male 88.1%. Both DAPT- and SAPT-groups had the same extent of CAD (mean SYNTAX-Score-II: 34.1 ± 11.6 vs. 34.4 ± 17.2, p = 0.91). Postoperatively, no difference between DAPT- and SAPT-groups was reported in the incidence of low-cardiac-output syndrome (5% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.16), revision for bleeding (5% vs. 6.5% p = 0.64), 30-day mortality (4.5% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.8) or MACCE (7.5% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.19). Imaging follow-up reported significantly higher CEA and total grafts patency (90% vs. 81.5% and 95% vs. 81%, p = 0.017) in DAPT patients. Late outcomes within 97.4 ± 67.4 months show lower incidence of overall mortality (19 vs. 51%, p < 0.001) and MACCE (24.5 vs. 58.2%, p < 0.001) in the DAPT patients when compared with SAPT patients. Conclusions-Coronary endarterectomy allows revascularization in end-stage CAD when the myocardium is still viable. The use of dual APT after CEA for at least six months seems to improve mid-to-long-term patency rates and survival, and reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.
| S-EPMC10051999 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background The optimal antiplatelet strategy for patients with acute coronary syndromes who require coronary artery bypass surgery remains unclear. While a more potent antiplatelet regimen will predispose to perioperative bleeding, it is hypothesized that through "platelet quiescence," ischemic protection conferred by such therapy may provide a net clinical benefit. Methods and Results We compared patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery who were treated with a more potent antiplatelet inhibition strategy with those with a less potent inhibition through a meta-analysis. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality after bypass surgery. The analysis identified 4 studies in which the antiplatelet regimen was randomized and 6 studies that were nonrandomized. Combining all studies, there was an overall higher mortality with weaker strategies compared with more potent strategies (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03-1.85; P=0.03). Conclusions Our findings support the concept of platelet quiescence, in reducing mortality for patients with acute coronary syndrome requiring coronary artery bypass surgery. This suggests the routine up-front use of potent antiplatelet regimens in acute coronary syndrome, irrespective of likelihood of coronary artery bypass graft.
| S-EPMC8174246 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background The Essential Frailty Toolset (EFT) was shown to be easy to use and predictive of adverse events in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EFT in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. Methods and Results The McGill Frailty Registry prospectively included patients ≥60 years of age undergoing urgent or elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between 2011 and 2018 at 2 hospitals. The preoperative EFT was scored 0 to 5 points as a function of timed chair rises, Mini-Mental Status Examination, serum albumin, and hemoglobin. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression. The cohort consisted of 500 patients with a mean age of 71.4 ± 6.4 years, of which 27% presented with acute coronary syndromes requiring urgent surgery. The mean EFT was 1.3 ± 1.1 points, 132 (26%) were nonfrail, 298 (60%) were prefrail, and 70 (14%) were frail. Over a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 78 deaths were observed. In nonfrail, prefrail, and frail patients, survival at 1 year was 98%, 95%, and 91%, and at 5 years was 89%, 83%, and 63% (P<0.001). After adjustment, each incremental EFT point was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.05-1.56) and frail patients had a 3-fold increase in all-cause mortality. Conclusions The EFT is a pragmatic and highly prognostic tool to assess frailty and guide decisions for coronary artery bypass grafting in older adults. Furthermore, the EFT may be actionable through targeted interventions such as cardiac rehabilitation and nutritional optimization.
| S-EPMC8475706 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Patients with hypertension alone, hypertension plus controlled diabetes and hypertension plus uncontrolled diabetes, and control patients without these conditions underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Skeletal muscle biopsy specimens were taken at the beginning ('pre-operative') and at the end ('post-operative') of the surgery.
2021-05-09 | GSE173613 | GEO
Project description:IntroductionThe presence of non-coronary atherosclerosis (NCA) in patients with coronary artery disease is associated with a poor prognosis. We have studied whether NCA is also a predictor of poorer outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Materials and methodsThis is an observational study involving 567 consecutive patients who underwent CABG. Variables and prognosis were analysed based on the presence or absence of NCA, defined as previous stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or peripheral artery disease (PAD) [lower extremity artery disease (LEAD), carotid disease, previous lower limb vascular surgery, or abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)]. The primary outcome was a combination of TIA/stroke, acute myocardial infarction, new revascularization procedure, or death. The secondary outcome added the need for LEAD revascularization or AAA surgery.ResultsOne-hundred thirty-eight patients (24%) had NCA. Among them, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and older age were more frequently present. At multivariate analysis, NCA [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-2.69], age (HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.09-1.67, p = 0.004), and diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.05-2.15, p = 0.025), were positively associated with the development of the primary outcome, while estimated glomerular filtration rate (HR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.93, p = 0.001) and use of left internal mammary artery (HR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.15-0.82, p = 0.035), were inversely associated with this outcome. NCA was also an independent predictor of the secondary outcome. Mortality was also higher in NCA patients (27.5% vs. 9%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing CABG, the presence of NCA doubled the risk of developing cardiovascular events, and it was associated with higher mortality.
| S-EPMC10921089 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCoronary artery bypass grafting using radial artery grafts (RA-CABG) has improved long-term outcomes. However, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE-4, including all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization) after RA-CABG still occur and the predictors remain uncertain. This study aimed to detect independent risk factors of MACE-4 after RA-CABG.MethodsThis is a retrospective case-control study (NCT04935086) conducted among patients who underwent primary isolated RA-CABG between 2009 and 2019 in our center. Baseline characteristics, procedure characteristics, and medication use were compared to identify the independent predictors of MACE-4, all-cause death, and myocardial infarction (MI) with univariate and then multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 370 patients were analyzed using a mean follow-up duration of 48.8 ± 41.0 months. MACE-4, all-cause death, and MI occurred in 102 (27.6%), 27 (7.3%), and 66 patients (17.8%), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed prior MI (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.05-4.25, P = 0.04) and RA to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (non-left internal mammary artery to LAD) (OR = 4.87, 95%CI 1.41-16.82, P = 0.01) as independent predictors of MACE-4 after surgery. Female (OR = 4.53, 95%CI 1.06-19.41, P = 0.04), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% (OR = 21.00, 95%CI 1.20-368.35, P = 0.04), and RA to LAD (OR = 8.55, 95%CI 1.35-54.10, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of all-cause death. Prior MI (OR = 3.11, 95%CI 1.40-6.94, P = 0.006) emerged as an independent predictor of MI.ConclusionOur data suggested that prior MI and RA to LAD were independent predictors of MACE-4 after RA-CABG. Being female, having an LVEF < 40% and RA to LAD indicated death. Prior MI indicated new MI.
| S-EPMC10565515 | biostudies-literature