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The Year in Basic Science: calmodulin kinase cascades.

ABSTRACT: This article highlights studies published during the past year that represent significant scientific achievements in the world of calmodulin kinase cascades. Calmodulin is the primary receptor for calcium present in all cells. The binding of its calcium ligand results in a conformational change in calmodulin, which allows the calcium-calmodulin complex to interact with many different targets. In the studies to be summarized in this review, the particular calmodulin cascade involved is shown to be the pathway responsible for important biological responses, including long-term memory formation, dendritic cell survival, hypercapnia, neuronal migration, synapse formation, autophagy, fatty acid oxidation, and energy balance. In some cases, the pathway was previously unknown, and the identification of the calmodulin cascade represents the definition of roles. In other cases, manipulating the cascade has suggested therapeutic approaches to certain diseases, most significantly, type 2 diabetes and obesity.

SUBMITTER: Means AR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2626202 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Year in Basic Science: calmodulin kinase cascades.

Means Anthony R AR

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 20081009 12

This article highlights studies published during the past year that represent significant scientific achievements in the world of calmodulin kinase cascades. Calmodulin is the primary receptor for calcium present in all cells. The binding of its calcium ligand results in a conformational change in calmodulin, which allows the calcium-calmodulin complex to interact with many different targets. In the studies to be summarized in this review, the particular calmodulin cascade involved is shown to b ...[more]

PMID: 18845671

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Project description:Background Many HIV databases and applications focus on a limited domain of HIV knowledge. Since even a “simple” organism like HIV represents a very complex system with many interacting elements, the fractured structure of existing databases and applications likely limits our ability to investigate and understand HIV. To facilitate research, therefore, we have built HIVToolbox, which integrates much of the knowledge about HIV proteins and presents the data in an interactive web application. HIVToolbox allows quick and convenient hypotheses generation, experiment interpretation, and potential new drug structure creation. Methods HIVToolbox was built as a standard three-tier J2EE web application, consisting of 1) an underlying relational MySQL database, 2) a set of standard Java data access objects that pull data from the database, and 3) a set of dynamic web pages the user interacts with. HIV-1 data from external sources such as the Protein Data Bank, NCBI, Los Alamos, etc. was collected, curated, and stored in the HIVToolbox database. Additional data, such as homology and position statistics matrices, was generated from existing data. Since version 1, drug binding site and drug resistant mutation data has also been added. Results HIVToolbox was used to create several new hypotheses about HIV-1 integrase, including predicting the location of a CK2 phosphorylation site, which was later confirmed by experiment. A new version of HIVToolbox support display of the 3D locations of drug resistant mutations on surface plots of HIV proteins and the drug binding sites for structures of complexes of HIV proteins with drugs. Conclusion HIVToolbox is an open-access web application that allows virologists and structural biologists to access detailed information about HIV-1 proteins, such as sequence, structure, functional sites and relationships, homology, drug binding sites, and drug resistant mutations, and to immediately see the relationships between any or all of them. Weblink: [http://hivtoolbox.bio-toolkit.com]

Dataset Information

The Year in Basic Science: calmodulin kinase cascades.

Publications

The Year in Basic Science: calmodulin kinase cascades.

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