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DETORQUEO, QUIRKY, and ZERZAUST represent novel components involved in organ development mediated by the receptor-like kinase STRUBBELIG in Arabidopsis thaliana.

ABSTRACT: Intercellular signaling plays an important role in controlling cellular behavior in apical meristems and developing organs in plants. One prominent example in Arabidopsis is the regulation of floral organ shape, ovule integument morphogenesis, the cell division plane, and root hair patterning by the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase STRUBBELIG (SUB). Interestingly, kinase activity of SUB is not essential for its in vivo function, indicating that SUB may be an atypical or inactive receptor-like kinase. Since little is known about signaling by atypical receptor-like kinases, we used forward genetics to identify genes that potentially function in SUB-dependent processes and found recessive mutations in three genes that result in a sub-like phenotype. Plants with a defect in DETORQEO (DOQ), QUIRKY (QKY), and ZERZAUST (ZET) show corresponding defects in outer integument development, floral organ shape, and stem twisting. The mutants also show sub-like cellular defects in the floral meristem and in root hair patterning. Thus, SUB, DOQ, QKY, and ZET define the STRUBBELIG-LIKE MUTANT (SLM) class of genes. Molecular cloning of QKY identified a putative transmembrane protein carrying four C(2) domains, suggesting that QKY may function in membrane trafficking in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion. Morphological analysis of single and all pair-wise double-mutant combinations indicated that SLM genes have overlapping, but also distinct, functions in plant organogenesis. This notion was supported by a systematic comparison of whole-genome transcript profiles during floral development, which molecularly defined common and distinct sets of affected processes in slm mutants. Further analysis indicated that many SLM-responsive genes have functions in cell wall biology, hormone signaling, and various stress responses. Taken together, our data suggest that DOQ, QKY, and ZET contribute to SUB-dependent organogenesis and shed light on the mechanisms, which are dependent on signaling through the atypical receptor-like kinase SUB.

SUBMITTER: Fulton L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2628281 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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DETORQUEO, QUIRKY, and ZERZAUST represent novel components involved in organ development mediated by the receptor-like kinase STRUBBELIG in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Fulton Lynette L Batoux Martine M Vaddepalli Prasad P Yadav Ram Kishor RK Busch Wolfgang W Andersen Stig U SU Jeong Sangho S Lohmann Jan U JU Schneitz Kay K

PLoS genetics 20090130 1

Intercellular signaling plays an important role in controlling cellular behavior in apical meristems and developing organs in plants. One prominent example in Arabidopsis is the regulation of floral organ shape, ovule integument morphogenesis, the cell division plane, and root hair patterning by the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase STRUBBELIG (SUB). Interestingly, kinase activity of SUB is not essential for its in vivo function, indicating that SUB may be an atypical or inactive receptor ...[more]

PMID: 19180193

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Receptor-like kinases are a prominent class of surface receptors that regulate many aspects of the plant life cycle. Despite recent advances the function of most receptor-like kinases remains elusive. Therefore, it is paramount to investigate these receptors. The task is complicated by the fact that receptor-like kinases belong to a large monophyletic family with many sub-clades. In general, functional analysis of gene family members by reverse genetics is often obscured by several issues, such as redundancy, subtle or difficult to detect phenotypes in mutants, or by decision problems regarding suitable biological and biochemical assays. Therefore, in many cases additional strategies have to be employed to allow inference of hypotheses regarding gene function. RESULTS: We approached the function of genes encoding the nine-member STRUBBELIG-RECEPTOR FAMILY (SRF) class of putative leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases. Sequence comparisons show overall conservation but also divergence in predicted functional domains among SRF proteins. Interestingly, SRF1 undergoes differential splicing. As a result, SRF1 is predicted to exist in a standard receptor configuration and in a membrane-anchored receptor-like version that lacks most of the intracellular domain. Furthermore, SRF1 is characterised by a high degree of polymorphism between the Ler and Col accessions. Two independent T-DNA-based srf4 mutants showed smaller leaves while 35S::SRF4 plants displayed enlarged leaves. This is in addition to the strubbelig phenotype which has been described before. Additional single and several key double mutant combinations did not reveal obvious mutant phenotypes. Ectopic expression of several SRF genes, using the 35S promoter, resulted in male sterility. To gain possible insights into SRF gene function we employed a computational analysis of publicly available microarray data. We performed global expression profiling, coexpression analysis, and an analysis of the enrichment of gene ontology terms among coexpressed genes. The bioinformatic analyses raise the possibility that some SRF genes affect different aspects of cell wall biology. The results also indicate that redundancy is a minor aspect of the SRF family. CONCLUSION: The results provide evidence that SRF4 is a positive regulator of leaf size. In addition, they suggest that the SRF family is characterised by functional diversity and that some SRF genes may function in cell wall biology. They also indicate that complementing reverse genetics with bioinformatical data mining of genome-wide expression data aids in inferring hypotheses on possible functions for members of a gene family.

Project description:Background and aimsExcess selenium (Se) is toxic to plants, but relatively little is known about the regulatory mechanism of plant Se tolerance. This study explored the role of the TPS22 gene in Se tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.MethodsArabidopsis wild type and XVE mutant seeds were grown on half-strength MS media containing Na2SeO3 for screening of the Se-tolerant mutant tps22. The XVE T-DNA-tagged genomic sequence in tps22 was identified by TAIL-PCR. The TPS22 gene was transformed into the mutant tps22 and wild type plants using the flower infiltration method. Wild type, tps22 mutant and transgenic seedlings were cultivated on vertical plates for phenotype analysis, physiological index measurement and gene expression analysis.Key resultsWe identified an Arabidopsis Se-tolerant mutant tps22 from the XVE pool lines, and cloned the gene which encodes the terpenoid synthase (TPS22). TPS22 was downregulated by Se stress, and loss-of-function of TPS22 resulted in decreased Se accumulation and enhanced Se tolerance; by contrast, overexpression of TPS22 showed similar traits to the wild type under Se stress. Further analysis revealed that TPS22 mediated Se tolerance through reduction of Se uptake and activation of metabolism detoxification, which decreased transcription of high-affinity transporters PHT1;1, PHT1;8 and PHT1;9 and significantly increased transcription of selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT), respectively. Moreover, loss-of-function of TPS22 resulted in reduced cytokinin level and repression of cytokinin signalling components AHK3 and AHK4, and upregulation of ARR3, ARR15 and ARR16. Exogenous cytokinin increased transcription of PHT1;1, PHT2;1 and SMT and decreased Se tolerance of the tps22 mutant. In addition, enhanced Se resistance of the tps22 mutant was associated with glutathione (GSH).ConclusionsSe stress downregulated TPS22, which reduced endogenous cytokinin level, and then affected the key factors of Se uptake and metabolism detoxification. This cascade of events resulted in reduced Se accumulation and enhanced Se tolerance.

Dataset Information

DETORQUEO, QUIRKY, and ZERZAUST represent novel components involved in organ development mediated by the receptor-like kinase STRUBBELIG in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Publications

DETORQUEO, QUIRKY, and ZERZAUST represent novel components involved in organ development mediated by the receptor-like kinase STRUBBELIG in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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