Sex differences in stroke.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Turtzo LC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2637395 | biostudies-literature | 2008
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Sex differences in stroke.
Turtzo L Christine LC McCullough Louise D LD
Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 20080923 5
Increasing evidence suggests that sex differences exist in the etiology, presentation, treatment, and outcome from stroke. The reasons for these sex disparities are becoming increasingly explored, but large gaps still exist in our knowledge. Experimental studies over the past several years have demonstrated intrinsic sex differences both in vivo and in animal models which may have relevance to our understanding of stroke in clinical populations. A greater understanding of the differences and sim ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Background and Purpose- We determined the effect of sex on outcome after endovascular stroke thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke, including lifelong disability outcomes. Methods- We analyzed patients treated with the Solitaire stent retriever in the combined SWIFT (Solitaire FR With the Intention for Thrombectomy), STAR (Solitaire FR Thrombectomy for Acute Revascularization), and SWIFT PRIME (Solitaire FR With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment) cohorts. Ordinal and logistic regression were used to examine known factors influencing outcome after endovascular stroke thrombectomy and study the effect of sex on the association between these factors and outcomes, including age and time to reperfusion. Years of optimal life after thrombectomy were defined as disability-adjusted life years and calculated by projecting disability through adjusted poststroke life expectancy by sex. Results- Among 389 patients treated with endovascular stroke thrombectomy, 55% were females, and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 17 (interquartile range, 8-28). There were no differences between females versus males in presenting deficit severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 17 versus 17, P=0.21), occlusion location (69% versus 64% M1, P=0.62), presenting infarct extent (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 8 versus 8, P=0.24), rate of substantial reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/3, 87% versus 83%, P=0.37), onset to reperfusion time (294 versus 302 minutes, P=0.46). Despite older ages (69 versus 64, P<0.001) and higher rate of atrial fibrillation (45% versus 30%, P=0.002) for females compared with males, adjusted rates of functional independence at 90 days were similar (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.6-1.6). After adjusting for age at presentation and stroke severity, females had more years of optimal life (disability-adjusted life year) after endovascular stroke thrombectomy, 10.6 versus 8.5 years (P<0.001). Conclusions- Despite greater age and higher rate of atrial fibrillation, females experienced comparable functional outcomes and greater years of optimal life after intervention compared with males.
| S-EPMC6710145 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveWe aimed to compare quality of life (QOL) in women and men after ischemic stroke or TIA, and to determine the incremental impact of demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and stroke-specific effects on longitudinal QOL.MethodsWe assessed QOL in patients with ischemic stroke or TIA at 3 and 12 months postdischarge in the Adherence eValuation After Ischemic stroke-Longitudinal Registry using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) instrument. We generated multivariable linear regression models to evaluate the association between sex and EQ-5D while sequentially adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and stroke-related variables. We also used a proportional odds model to assess sex differences in the change in EQ-5D scores from 3 to 12 months.ResultsA total of 1,370 patients were included, 53.7% male, median age 65 years (interquartile range 56-77 years). Women had significantly lower QOL at 3 months (unadjusted EQ-5D 0.81 in women vs 0.84 in men; p < 0.001) and 12 months (0.83 vs men 0.84; p < 0.001) poststroke. After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographic, clinical, and stroke-related factors, women continued to have lower QOL at 3 months (mean difference -0.036; p = 0.003) and at 12 months (mean difference -0.022; p = 0.046). Women fared worse in the dimensions of mobility, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression at 3 and 12 months. There were no sex differences in change in EQ-5D score from 3 to 12 months.ConclusionWomen have worse QOL than men up to 12 months after stroke, even after adjusting for important sociodemographic variables, stroke severity, and disability.
| S-EPMC4211921 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Minocycline is neuroprotective in clinical and experimental stroke studies, due in part to its ability to inhibit poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Previous preclinical data have shown that interference with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase signaling leads to sex-specific neuroprotection, reducing stroke injury only in males. In this study, we show that minocycline is ineffective at reducing ischemic damage in females after middle cerebral artery occlusion, likely due to effects on poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase signaling. Clinical trials must consider possible sex differences in the response to neuroprotective agents, if we hope to translate promising therapies to stroke patients of both sexes.
| S-EPMC2855881 | biostudies-literature
Project description:After a cerebral stroke insult, there is an overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which overcome the antioxidant defenses, causing further tissues damage. The status of oxidative stress in stroke patients over time, particularly in those undergoing rehabilitation treatments, has been poorly investigated. We analyzed the oxidative stress status in 61 subacute stroke patients (33 females and 28 males) admitted to our rehabilitation center by measuring, in serum: hydroperoxides levels (d-ROMs), antioxidant activity (BAP test), and the relative antioxidant capacity (OSI index). We also analyzed patients for glucose levels and lipid profile. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between oxidative stress status biomarkers and motor deficits, disability, and pain. Almost all patients showed high or very high levels of d-ROMs, while BAP levels were apparently in the reference range of normality. Females had lower BAP values (females: 2478 ± 379; males: 2765 ± 590; p = 0.034) and lower OSI index (females: 5.7 ± 1.9; males: 6.8 ± 1.9; p = 0.043). Moreover, in the male group, the correlation with motor impairment and disability showed a worsened motor performance when oxidative stress is higher. Female group, on the other hand, had an unexpected different trend of correlation, probably due to an unbalanced systemic oxidative stress. Further research is needed to see if sex differences in oxidative stress status in subacute stroke patients persist after rehabilitation.
| S-EPMC9140331 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSex differences in presentation, treatment, and prognosis of cardiovascular disorders are well recognized. Although an association between acute myocardial injury and mortality after ischemic stroke has been demonstrated, it is unclear whether prevalence and outcome of poststroke acute myocardial injury differ between women and men.Methods and resultsWe prospectively screened consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T measurements admitted to our center. Acute myocardial injury was defined as at least 1 high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T value above the upper reference limit (14 ng/L) with a rise/fall of >20%. Rates of acute myocardial injury were also calculated using sex-specific high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T cutoffs (women upper reference limit, 9 ng/L; men upper reference limit, 16 ng/L). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between acute myocardial injury and outcomes. Of 1067 patients included, 494 were women (46%). Women were older, had a higher rate of known atrial fibrillation, were more likely to be functionally dependent before admission, had higher stroke severity, and more often had cardioembolic strokes (all P values <0.05). The crude prevalence of acute myocardial injury differed by sex (29% women versus 23% men, P=0.024). Statistically significant associations between acute myocardial injury and outcomes were observed in women (7-day in-hospital mortality: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.2 [95% CI, 1.07-9.3]; in-hospital mortality: aOR, 3.3 [95% CI, 1.4-7.6]; modified Rankin Scale score at discharge: aOR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1-2.4]) but not in men. The implementation of sex-specific cutoffs did not increase the prognostic value of acute myocardial injury for unfavorable outcomes.ConclusionsThe prevalence of acute myocardial injury after ischemic stroke and its association with mortality and greater disability might be sex-dependent.RegistrationURL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03892226.
| S-EPMC10944046 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Reports on sex differences in stroke outcome and risk factors are scarce in Latin America. Our objective was to analyze clinical and prognostic differences according to sex among participants in the LASE (Latin American Stroke Registry). Methods and Results Nineteen centers across Central and South America compiled data on demographics, vascular risk factors, clinical stroke description, ancillary tests, and functional outcomes at short-term follow-up of patients included from January 2012 to January 2017. For the present study, all these variables were analyzed according to sex at hospital discharge. We included 4788 patients with a median in-hospital stay of 8 days (interquartile range, 5-8); 2677 were male (median age, 66 years) and 2111 female (median age, 60 years). Ischemic stroke occurred in 4293: 3686 as cerebral infarction (77%) and 607 as transient ischemic attack cases (12.7%); 495 patients (10.3%) corresponded to intracerebral hemorrhage. Poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale, 3-6) was present in 1662 (34.7%) patients and 38.2% of women (P<0.001). Mortality was present in 6.8% of the registry, with 7.8% in women compared with 6.0% in men (P=0.01). Death and poor functional outcome for all-type stroke showed a higher risk in female patients (hazard ratio, 1.3, P=0.03; and hazard ratio, 1.1, P=0.001, respectively). Conclusions A worse functional outcome and higher mortality rates occurred in women compared with men in the LASE, confirming sex differences issues at short-term follow-up.
| S-EPMC7070183 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIdentification of sex- and age-related differences in the presentation of atypical symptoms at stroke onset may reduce prehospital delay and improve stroke treatment if acknowledged at first contact.AimTo explore sex- and age-related differences in patient-reported typical and atypical symptoms of a stroke.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional survey at two non-comprehensive stroke units in the Capital Region of Denmark. Patient-reported symptoms, stroke knowledge, and behavioral response were analyzed by the Chi-square test or a Fisher's exact test separated by sex. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates were used to explore sex- and age-related differences according to each patient-reported typical or atypical symptoms.ResultsIn total, 479 patients with acute stroke were included (median age 74 years [25th to 75th percentile: 64-80], and 40.1% were women). Female sex was associated with higher odds of presenting with atypical symptoms, such as loss of consciousness (OR 2.12 [95% CI 1.08-4.18]) and nausea/vomiting (OR 2.33 [95% CI 1.24-4.37]), and lower odds of presenting with lower extremity paresis (OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.39-0.89). With each year of age, the odds decreased of presenting with sensory changes (OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.94-0.97]) and upper extremity paresis (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.96-0.99]), whereas odds of presenting with dysphagia (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.02-1.11]) increased.ConclusionsPatients of female sex and younger age reported on admission more frequently atypical stroke symptoms. Attention should be drawn to this possible atypical first presentation to facilitate correct identification and early stroke revascularization treatment to improve the outcome for both sexes.
| S-EPMC8978710 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ischemic stroke triggers a series of complex pathophysiological processes including autophagy. Differential activation of autophagy occurs in neurons derived from males versus females after stressors such as nutrient deprivation. Whether autophagy displays sexual dimorphism after ischemic stroke is unknown. We used a cerebral ischemia mouse model (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) to evaluate the effects of inhibiting autophagy in ischemic brain pathology. We observed that inhibiting autophagy reduced infarct volume in males and ovariectomized females. However, autophagy inhibition enhanced infarct size in females and in ovariectomized females supplemented with estrogen compared to control mice. We also observed that males had increased levels of Beclin1 and LC3 and decreased levels of pULK1 and p62 at 24 h, while females had decreased levels of Beclin1 and increased levels of ATG7. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy markers were increased under basal conditions and after oxygen and glucose deprivation in male neurons compared with female neurons in vitro. E2 supplementation significantly inhibited autophagy only in male neurons, and was beneficial for cell survival only in female neurons. This study shows that autophagy in the ischemic brain differs between the sexes, and that autophagy regulators have different effects in a sex-dependent manner in neurons.
| S-EPMC8304137 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Outcomes after stroke in those with diabetes are not well characterized, especially by sex and age. We sought to calculate the sex- and age-specific risk of cardiovascular outcomes after ischemic stroke among those with diabetes.Using population-based demographic and administrative health-care databases in Ontario, Canada, all patients with diabetes hospitalized with index ischemic stroke between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2012, were followed for death, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Fine-Gray competing risk models estimated hazards of outcomes by sex and age, unadjusted and adjusted for demographics and vascular risk factors.Among 25,495 diabetic patients with index ischemic stroke, the incidence of death was higher in women than in men (14.08 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval [CI], 13.73-14.44] versus 11.89 [11.60-12.19]) but was lower after adjustment for age and other risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], .95 [.92-.99]). Recurrent stroke incidence was similar by sex, but men were more likely to be readmitted for MI (1.99 per 100 person-years [1.89-2.10] versus 1.58 [1.49-1.68] among females). In multivariable models, females had a lower risk of readmission for any event (HR, .96 [95% CI, .93-.99]).In this large, population-based, retrospective study among diabetic patients with index stroke, women had a higher unadjusted death rate but lower unadjusted incidence of MI. In adjusted models, females had a lower death rate compared with males, although the increased risk of MI among males persisted. These findings confirm and quantify sex differences in outcomes after stroke in patients with diabetes.
| S-EPMC5725236 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background The association between systemic hypertension and cerebrovascular disease is well documented. However, the impact of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on acute ischemic stroke outcomes is unknown despite PH being recognized as a risk factor for acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine the association between PH and adverse in-hospital outcomes after acute ischemic stroke, as well as whether there are sex differences in this association. Methods and Results Acute ischemic stroke admissions from the US National Inpatient Sample between October 2015 and December 2017 were included. The relationship between PH and outcomes (mortality, prolonged hospitalization >4 days, and routine home discharge) was analyzed using logistic regressions adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and revascularization therapies. Interaction terms between PH and sex and age groups were also included. A total of 221 249 records representative of 1 106 045 admissions were included; 2.9% of patients had co-morbid PH, and 35.34% of those were male. PH was not associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1.09) but was associated with increased odds of prolonged hospitalization (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09-1.22) and decreased odds of routine discharge (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.94) for both sexes. Older patients with PH were significantly less likely to be discharged routinely (P=0.028) than their younger counterparts. Compared with female patients with PH, men were 31% more likely to die in hospital (P=0.024). Conclusions PH was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality but was associated with prolonged hospitalization and adverse discharge status. Male patients with PH were more likely to die in hospital than female patients.
| S-EPMC8174217 | biostudies-literature