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Antagonistic actions of Msx1 and Osr2 pattern mammalian teeth into a single row.

ABSTRACT: Mammals have single-rowed dentitions, whereas many nonmammalian vertebrates have teeth in multiple rows. Neither the molecular mechanism regulating iterative tooth initiation nor that restricting mammalian tooth development in one row is known. We found that mice lacking the transcription factor odd-skipped related-2 (Osr2) develop supernumerary teeth lingual to their molars because of expansion of the odontogenic field. Osr2 was expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient and restricted expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4), an essential odontogenic signal, in the developing tooth mesenchyme. Expansion of odontogenic field in Osr2-deficient mice required Msx1, a feedback activator of Bmp4 expression. These findings suggest that the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway propagates mesenchymal activation for sequential tooth induction and that spatial modulation of this pathway provides a mechanism for patterning vertebrate dentition.

SUBMITTER: Zhang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2650836 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antagonistic actions of Msx1 and Osr2 pattern mammalian teeth into a single row.

Zhang Zunyi Z Lan Yu Y Chai Yang Y Jiang Rulang R

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20090201 5918

Mammals have single-rowed dentitions, whereas many nonmammalian vertebrates have teeth in multiple rows. Neither the molecular mechanism regulating iterative tooth initiation nor that restricting mammalian tooth development in one row is known. We found that mice lacking the transcription factor odd-skipped related-2 (Osr2) develop supernumerary teeth lingual to their molars because of expansion of the odontogenic field. Osr2 was expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient and restricted expressio ...[more]

PMID: 19251632

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Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the genetic association of specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the muscle segment homeobox gene 1 (MSX1) with susceptibility to the peg-shaped teeth in 36 Jordanian Arab families and case-control samples in the Jordanian Arab population.MethodsThis cohort involved 108 individuals (36 trios families), which were used for family-based genetic study. Additionally, 56 patients and 57 controls were used for case-control study. Genomic DNA samples from both families and case-control were extracted according to distinguished processes. Then, polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) was conducted using specific primers for the axons of the MSX1. Moreover, DNA sequencing genotyping method analysis of SNPs was used to detect specified SNPs in the MSX1 linked with peg-shaped teeth. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and Chi-square were used to evaluate the data quality and the presence of any genotypic error. In addition, Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT) was used identify family-based association in which trios of parents and proband are used.ResultsThe results of this study showed fourteen polymorphic sites in this gene, eight of them (rs121913129, rs104893852, rs104893853, rs121913130, rs104893850, rs1095, rs3775261, and rs1042484) were none-polymorphic. Meanwhile, the minor allele frequencies of the rest of the SNPs were polymorphic (rs8670, rs12532, rs3821949, rs4464513, rs1907998, and rs6446693). However, none of these SNPs were associated with peg-shaped teeth. Moreover, the haplotype genetic analysis revealed that there was no genetic association with peg-shaped teeth disorder susceptibility (P > 0.05) in the Jordanian families of Arab descent.ConclusionsThe present findings can be used in estimation of prevalence of peg-shaped teeth in the Jordanian population. However, our findings revealed that there is no evidence that the MSX1 polymorphisms had a crucial role in the peg-shaped teeth phenomenon, emphasizing that other genes might have this role. These findings are beneficial for clinicians to comprehensively understand the molecular aspects of teeth abnormalities.

Project description:BACKGROUND: The single-row and double-row fixation techniques have been widely used for rotator cuff tears. However, whether the double-row technique produces superior clinical or anatomic outcomes is still considered controversial. This study aims to use meta-analysis to compare the clinical and anatomical outcomes between the two techniques. METHODS: The Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched for relevant studies published before November 1, 2012. Studies clearly reporting a comparison of the single-row and double-row techniques were selected. The Constant, ASES, and UCLA scale systems and the rotator cuff integrity rate were evaluated. The weighted mean differences and relative risks were calculated using a fixed-effects or random-effects model. RESULTS: Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. The weighted mean differences of the ASES (-0.84; P?=?0.04; I(2)?=?0%) and UCLA (-0.75; P?=?0.007; I(2)?=?0%) scales were significantly low in the single-row group for full-thickness rotator cuff tears. For tear sizes smaller than 3 cm, no significant difference was found between the groups no matter in Constant (P?=?0.95; I(2)?=?0%), ASES (P?=?0.77; I(2)?=?0%), or UCLA (P?=?0.24; I(2)?=?13%) scales. For tear sizes larger than 3 cm, the ASES (-1.95; P?=?0.001; I(2)?=?49%) and UCLA (-1.17; P?=?0.006; I(2)?=?0%) scales were markedly lower in the single-row group. The integrity of the rotator cuff (0.81; P?=?0.0004; I(2)?=?10%) was greater and the partial thickness retear rate (1.93; P?=?0.007; I(2)?=?10%) was less in the double-row group. Full-thickness retears showed no difference between the groups (P?=?0.15; I(2)?=?0%). CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis suggests that the double-row fixation technique increases post-operative rotator cuff integrity and improves the clinical outcomes, especially for full-thickness rotator cuff tears larger than 3 cm. For tear sizes smaller than 3 cm, there was no difference in the clinical outcomes between the two techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I.

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Antagonistic actions of Msx1 and Osr2 pattern mammalian teeth into a single row.

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Antagonistic actions of Msx1 and Osr2 pattern mammalian teeth into a single row.

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