Tahyna virus and human infection, China.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lu Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2657618 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Tahyna virus (TAHV) was first isolated from mosquitoes collected in the suburbs of Geermu city in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China in 2007. Since then, TAHV antibodies have been detected in local livestock in Geermu, Qinghai. To determine whether the disease caused by TAHV was present in local residents, an investigation was conducted in the summer of 2009. During this investigation, ward inspections were conducted in rural clinics, and clinical information and specimens were collected from patients who complained mainly of acute fever. The collected samples were tested by serological and molecular methods. The results showed that four samples were positive for TAHV immunoglobulin M and had four-fold or higher levels of TAHV-neutralizing antibody titers between convalescent-phase and acute-phase, and that TAHV nucleotide sequences were detected in two acute sera. Clinical features of TAHV infection commonly included fever, accounting for 100%. Among all other symptoms, the one with the highest frequency was pharyngitis (80%), followed by malaise, inappetence, arthralgia, headache, and drowsiness. Follow-up surveys revealed that all cases recovered in 2-5 days after onset, and no serious or deadly cases were observed. This is the first time that the disease caused by TAHV infection has been reported in China. TAHV infection is another known mosquito-borne arboviral disease in China.
| S-EPMC4024839 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tahyna virus (TAHV) is widely distributed in Europe and Asia. A previous study reported a high level of conservation of the TAHV genome in isolates from Europe. During 2006 and 2007, three Tahyna virus isolates from mosquitoes were obtained from various locations in Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. We analyzed the complete coding sequence of full-length small, medium, and large segments of these isolates. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the three complete TAHV genomes showed that sequence identity between isolates from China and Europe was more divergent, and an unexpected level of medium segment diversity was found among isolates from China compared with high levels of sequence conservation for the small and large segments. This study indicated that effects of genotypic diversity on the ecology, transmission, and pathogenicity of TAHV in China should be studied.
| S-EPMC3163863 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionTahyna virus (TAHV), an arbovirus of the genus Orthobunyavirus, is a cause of human diseases and less studied worldwide. In this study, a new strain of TAHV was isolated from Aedes sp. mosquitoes collected in Panjin city, Liaoning province. However, the competent vector of TAHV in China is still unknown.MethodsThe genome of newly isolated TAHV was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis is performed. Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens were orally infected with artificial virus blood meals (1:1 of virus suspension and mouse blood), the virus was detected in the midgut, ovary, salivary gland and saliva of the mosquitoes. Then, the transmission and dissemination rates, vertical transmission and horizontal transmission of the virus by the mosquitoes were assessed.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus shared high similarity with TAHV and was named the TAHV PJ01 strain. After oral infection with virus blood meals, Ae. albopictus showed positive for the virus in all tested tissues with an extrinsic incubation period of 2 days and a fluctuating increasement of transmission and dissemination rates. Whereas no virus was detected in the saliva of Cx. pipiens pallens. Suckling mice bitten by infectious Ae. albopictus developed obvious neurological symptoms, including inactivity, hind-leg paralysis and difficulty turning over, when the virus titer reached 1.70×105 PFU/mL in the brain. Moreover, TAHV was detected in the eggs, larvae and adults of F1 offspring of Ae. albopictus.DiscussionAe. albopictus is an efficient vector to transmit TAHV but Cx. pipiens pallens is not. Ae. albopictus is also a reservoir host that transmits the virus vertically, which further increases the risk of outbreaks. This study has important epidemiological implications for the surveillance of pathogenic viruses in China and guiding comprehensive vector control strategies to counteract potential outbreaks in future.
| S-EPMC10157254 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We used metagenomic analysis to identify Tacheng tick virus 2 infection in a patient with a history of tick bite in northwestern China. We confirmed the virus with reverse transcription-PCR, virus isolation, and genomic analysis. We detected viral RNA in 9.6% of ticks collected from the same region.
| S-EPMC7853585 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTahyna virus (TAHV) is a human pathogen of the California encephalitis virus (CEV) serogroup (Bunyaviridae) endemic to Europe, Asia, and Africa. TAHV maintains an enzootic life cycle with several species of mosquito vectors and hares, rabbits, hedgehogs, and rodents serving as small mammal amplifying hosts. Human TAHV infection occurs in summer and early fall with symptoms of fever, headache, malaise, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, and nausea. TAHV disease can progress to CNS involvement, although unlike related La Crosse virus (LACV), fatalities have not been reported. Human infections are frequent with neutralizing antibodies present in 60-80% of the elderly population in endemic areas.ResultsIn order to determine the genomic sequence of wild-type TAHV, we chose three TAHV isolates collected over a 26-year period from mosquitoes. Here we present the first complete sequence of the TAHV S, M, and L segments. The three TAHV isolates maintained a highly conserved genome with both nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity greater than 99%. In order to determine the extent of genetic relatedness to other members of the CEV serogroup, we compared protein sequences of TAHV with LACV, Snowshoe Hare virus (SSHV), Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), and Inkoo virus (INKV). By amino acid comparison, TAHV was most similar to SSHV followed by LACV, JCV, and INKV. The sequence of the GN protein is most conserved followed by L, N, GC, NSS, and NSM. In a weanling Swiss Webster mouse model, all three TAHV isolates were uniformly neurovirulent, but only one virus was neuroinvasive. In rhesus monkeys, the virus was highly immunogenic even in the absence of viremia. Cross neutralization studies utilizing monkey immune serum demonstrated that TAHV is antigenically distinct from North American viruses LACV and JCV.ConclusionsHere we report the first complete sequence of TAHV and present genetic analysis of new-world viruses, LACV, SSHV, and JCV with old-world viruses, TAHV and INKV. Using immune serum generated in monkeys against TAHV, LACV, and JCV, we have demonstrated cross-neutralization within the CEV serogroup. Such cross reactivity may complicate virus identification, especially following JCV infection which elicited antibodies that cross neutralized both LACV and TAHV. These data also suggest that a single vaccine could generate a cross-neutralizing antibody response which may provide protection against CEV serogroup viruses from a wide geographic range.
| S-EPMC3080826 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC4111179 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We report human endophthalmitis caused by pseudorabies virus infection after exposure to sewage on a hog farm in China. High-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR of vitreous humor showed pseudorabies virus sequences. This case showed that pseudorabies virus might infect humans after direct contact with contaminants.
| S-EPMC6004832 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Orf virus, which belongs to the Parapoxvirus genus, induces a zoonotic infectious disease characterized by acute, highly vascularized cutaneous pustular lesions in sheep and goats. A number of Orf outbreaks have been reported in sheep and goats in recent years, but no reports have described an Orf virus strain from humans in China. In this study, we diagnosed Orf virus infection in two people, a mother and son, in the Gansu province of China. The human Orf virus was isolated and its phylogenetic characterization was analyzed based on a complete B2L gene. The results are useful for developing prospective programs to control Orf virus infections in both goats and humans.
| S-EPMC4026105 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3810748 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The recent increase in zoonotic avian influenza A(H7N9) disease in China is a cause of public health concern. Most of the A(H7N9) viruses previously reported have been of low pathogenicity. We report the fatal case of a patient in China who was infected with an A(H7N9) virus having a polybasic amino acid sequence at its hemagglutinin cleavage site (PEVPKRKRTAR/GL), a sequence suggestive of high pathogenicity in birds. Its neuraminidase also had R292K, an amino acid change known to be associated with neuraminidase inhibitor resistance. Both of these molecular features might have contributed to the patient's adverse clinical outcome. The patient had a history of exposure to sick and dying poultry, and his close contacts had no evidence of A(H7N9) disease, suggesting human-to-human transmission did not occur. Enhanced surveillance is needed to determine whether this highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) virus will continue to spread.
| S-EPMC5547808 | biostudies-literature