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Sessile hemocytes as a hematopoietic compartment in Drosophila melanogaster.

ABSTRACT: The blood cells, or hemocytes, in Drosophila participate in the immune response through the production of antimicrobial peptides, the phagocytosis of bacteria, and the encapsulation of larger foreign particles such as parasitic eggs; these immune reactions are mediated by phylogenetically conserved mechanisms. The encapsulation reaction is analogous to the formation of granuloma in vertebrates, and is mediated by large specialized cells, the lamellocytes. The origin of the lamellocytes has not been formally established, although it has been suggested that they are derived from the lymph gland, which is generally considered to be the main hematopoietic organ in the Drosophila larva. However, it was recently observed that a subepidermal population of sessile blood cells is released into the circulation in response to a parasitoid wasp infection. We set out to analyze this phenomenon systematically. As a result, we define the sessile hemocytes as a novel hematopoietic compartment, and the main source of lamellocytes.

SUBMITTER: Markus R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2660760 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sessile hemocytes as a hematopoietic compartment in Drosophila melanogaster.

Márkus Róbert R Laurinyecz Barbara B Kurucz Eva E Honti Viktor V Bajusz Izabella I Sipos Botond B Somogyi Kálmán K Kronhamn Jesper J Hultmark Dan D Andó István I

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20090304 12

The blood cells, or hemocytes, in Drosophila participate in the immune response through the production of antimicrobial peptides, the phagocytosis of bacteria, and the encapsulation of larger foreign particles such as parasitic eggs; these immune reactions are mediated by phylogenetically conserved mechanisms. The encapsulation reaction is analogous to the formation of granuloma in vertebrates, and is mediated by large specialized cells, the lamellocytes. The origin of the lamellocytes has not b ...[more]

PMID: 19261847

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Project description:Long-term consumption of fatty foods is associated with obesity, macrophage activation and inflammation, metabolic imbalance, and a reduced lifespan. We took advantage of Drosophila genetics to investigate the role of macrophages and the pathway(s) that govern their response to dietary stress. Flies fed a lipid-rich diet presented with increased fat storage, systemic JAK-STAT activation, reduced insulin sensitivity and hyperglycaemia, and a shorter lifespan. Drosophila macrophages scavenged lipids and produced the type 1 cytokine upd3, in a scavenger-receptor (croquemort) and JNK-dependent manner. Genetic depletion of macrophages, or macrophage-specific silencing of upd3 decreased JAK-STAT activation and rescued insulin sensitivity and the lifespan of Drosophila, but did not decrease fat storage. NF-κB signalling made no contribution to the phenotype observed. These results identify an evolutionarily conserved ‘scavenger receptor-JNK-Type 1 cytokine’ cassette in macrophages, which controls glucose metabolism and reduces lifespan in Drosophila maintained on a lipid-rich diet via activation of the JAK-STAT pathway Long-term consumption of fatty foods is associated with obesity, macrophage activation and inflammation, metabolic imbalance, and a reduced lifespan. We took advantage of Drosophila genetics to investigate the role of macrophages and the pathway(s) that govern their response to dietary stress. Flies fed a lipid-rich diet presented with increased fat storage, systemic JAK-STAT activation, reduced insulin sensitivity and hyperglycaemia, and a shorter lifespan. Drosophila macrophages scavenged lipids and produced the type 1 cytokine upd3, in a scavenger-receptor (croquemort) and JNK-dependent manner. Genetic depletion of macrophages, or macrophage-specific silencing of upd3 decreased JAK-STAT activation and rescued insulin sensitivity and the lifespan of Drosophila, but did not decrease fat storage. NF-κB signalling made no contribution to the phenotype observed. These results identify an evolutionarily conserved ‘scavenger receptor-JNK-Type 1 cytokine’ cassette in macrophages, which controls glucose metabolism and reduces lifespan in Drosophila maintained on a lipid-rich diet via activation of the JAK-STAT pathway

Dataset Information

Sessile hemocytes as a hematopoietic compartment in Drosophila melanogaster.

Publications

Sessile hemocytes as a hematopoietic compartment in Drosophila melanogaster.

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