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Functional differentiation of Brassica napus guard cells and mesophyll cells revealed by comparative proteomics.

ABSTRACT: Guard cells are highly specialized cells that form tiny pores called stomata on the leaf surface. The opening and closing of stomata control leaf gas exchange and water transpiration as well as allow plants to quickly respond and adjust to new environmental conditions. Mesophyll cells are specialized for photosynthesis. Despite the phenotypic and obvious functional differences between the two types of cells, the full protein components and their functions have not been explored but are addressed here through a global comparative proteomics analysis of purified guard cells and mesophyll cells. With the use of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) tagging and two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we identified 1458 non-redundant proteins in both guard cells and mesophyll cells of Brassica napus leaves. Based on stringent statistical criteria, a total of 427 proteins were quantified, and 74 proteins were found to be enriched in guard cells. Proteins involved in energy (respiration), transport, transcription (nucleosome), cell structure, and signaling are preferentially expressed in guard cells. We observed several well characterized guard cell proteins. By contrast, proteins involved in photosynthesis, starch synthesis, disease/defense/stress, and other metabolisms are preferentially represented in mesophyll cells. Of the identified proteins, 110 have corresponding microarray data obtained from Arabidopsis guard cells and mesophyll cells. About 72% of these proteins follow the same trend of expression at the transcript and protein levels. For the rest of proteins, the correlation between proteomics data and the microarray data is poor. This highlights the importance of quantitative profiling at the protein level. Collectively this work represents the most extensive proteomic description of B. napus guard cells and has improved our knowledge of the functional specification of guard cells and mesophyll cells.

SUBMITTER: Zhu M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2667361 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Functional differentiation of Brassica napus guard cells and mesophyll cells revealed by comparative proteomics.

Zhu Mengmeng M Dai Shaojun S McClung Scott S Yan Xiufeng X Chen Sixue S

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 20081222 4

Guard cells are highly specialized cells that form tiny pores called stomata on the leaf surface. The opening and closing of stomata control leaf gas exchange and water transpiration as well as allow plants to quickly respond and adjust to new environmental conditions. Mesophyll cells are specialized for photosynthesis. Despite the phenotypic and obvious functional differences between the two types of cells, the full protein components and their functions have not been explored but are addressed ...[more]

PMID: 19106087

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) is the second largest gene family in the plant, some members play important roles in pistil development and response to drought, waterlogging, cold stress and salt stress. The bHLH gene family has been identified in many species, except for Brassica oleracea and B. napus thus far. This study aims to identify the bHLH family members in B. oleracea, B. rapa and B. napus, and elucidate the expression, duplication, phylogeny and evolution characters of them. RESULT:A total of 268 bHLH genes in B. oleracea, 440 genes in B. napus, and 251 genes in B. rapa, including 21 new bHLH members, have been identified. Subsequently, the analyses of the phylogenetic trees, conserved motifs and gene structures showed that the members in the same subfamily were highly conserved. Most Ka/Ks values of homologous gene were < 1, which indicated that these genes suffered from strong purifying selection for retention. The retention rates of BrabHLH and BolbHLH genes were 51.6 and 55.1%, respectively. The comparative expression patterns between B. rapa and B. napus showed that they had similar expression patterns in the root and contrasting patterns in the stems, leaves, and reproductive tissues. In addition, there were 41 and 30 differential expression bHLH genes under the treatments of ABA and JA, respectively, and the number of down regulation genes was significantly more than up regulation genes. CONCLUSION:In the present study, we identified and performed the comparative genomics analysis of bHLH gene family among B. oleracea, B. rapa and B. napus, and also investigated their diversity. The expression patterns between B. rapa and B. napus shows that they have the similar expression pattern in the root and opposite patterns in the stems, leaves, and reproduction tissues. Further analysis demonstrated that some bHLH gene members may play crucial roles under the abiotic and biotic stress conditions. This is the first to report on the bHLH gene family analysis in B. oleracea and B. napus, which can offer useful information on the functional analysis of the bHLH gene in plants.

Dataset Information

Functional differentiation of Brassica napus guard cells and mesophyll cells revealed by comparative proteomics.

Publications

Functional differentiation of Brassica napus guard cells and mesophyll cells revealed by comparative proteomics.

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