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Effect of population and gender on chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity.

ABSTRACT: Large interindividual variance is observed in both response and toxicity associated with chemotherapy. Our goal is to identify factors that contribute to chemotherapy-induced toxicity. To this end, we used EBV-transformed B-lymphoblastoid HapMap cell lines derived from 30 Yoruban trios (African descent) and 30 Centre d' Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) trios (European descent) to evaluate population- and gender-specific differences in cytotoxicity of carboplatin, cisplatin, daunorubicin, and etoposide using a high-throughput, short-term cytotoxicity assay. The IC(50) was compared for population- and gender-specific differences for the four drugs. We observed large interindividual variance in IC(50) values for carboplatin, cisplatin, daunorubicin, and etoposide for both Yoruban and CEPH populations (range from 8- to 433-fold). Statistically significant differences in carboplatin and daunorubicin IC(50) were shown when comparing Yoruban cell lines (n = 89) to CEPH cell lines (n = 87; P = 0.002 and P = 0.029, respectively). This population difference in treatment induced cytotoxicity was not seen for either cisplatin or etoposide. In the Yoruban population, cell lines derived from females were less sensitive to platinating agents than males [median carboplatin IC(50), 29.1 versus 24.6 micromol/L (P = 0.012); median cisplatin IC(50), 7.0 versus 6.0 micromol/L (P = 0.020) in female and male, respectively]. This difference was not observed in the CEPH population. These results show that population and gender may affect risk for toxicities associated with certain chemotherapeutic agents.

SUBMITTER: Huang RS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2669540 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of population and gender on chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity.

Huang Rong Stephanie RS Kistner Emily O EO Bleibel Wasim K WK Shukla Sunita J SJ Dolan M Eileen ME

Molecular cancer therapeutics 20070101 1

Large interindividual variance is observed in both response and toxicity associated with chemotherapy. Our goal is to identify factors that contribute to chemotherapy-induced toxicity. To this end, we used EBV-transformed B-lymphoblastoid HapMap cell lines derived from 30 Yoruban trios (African descent) and 30 Centre d' Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) trios (European descent) to evaluate population- and gender-specific differences in cytotoxicity of carboplatin, cisplatin, daunorubicin, and ...[more]

PMID: 17237264

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Project description:One of the main consequences of thymus aging is the decrease in naïve T cell output. This condition accelerates at the onset of puberty, and presents as a major clinical complication for cancer patients who require cytoablative therapy. Specifically, the extensive use of chemotherapeutics, such as cyclophosphamide, in such treatments damage thymic structure and eliminate the existing naïve T cell repertoire. The resulting immunodeficiency can lead to increased incidence of opportunistic infections, tumor growth relapse and/or autoimmune diseases, particularly in older patients. Thus, strategies aimed at rejuvenating the aged thymus following chemotherapeutic damage are required. Previous studies have revealed that sex hormone deprivation in male mice is capable of regenerating the thymic microenvironment following chemotherapy treatment, however, further investigation is crucial to identify gender-based differences, and the molecular mechanisms involved during thymus regeneration. Through phenotypic analyzes, we identified gender-specific alterations in thymocytes and thymic epithelial cell (TEC) subsets from the onset of puberty. By middle-age, females presented with a higher number of thymocytes in comparison to males, yet a decrease in their Aire+ medullary TEC/thymocyte ratio was observed. This reduction could be associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disease in middle-aged women. Given the concurrent increase in female Aire+ cTEC/thymocyte ratio, we proposed that there may be an impediment in Aire+ mTEChi differentiation, and Aire+ cTEChi as its upstream precursor. The regenerative effects of LHRH receptor antagonist, degarelix, on TEC subsets was also less pronounced in middle-aged females compared to males, possibly due to slower progression of thymic involution in the former, which presented with greater TEChi proportions. Furthermore, following cyclophosphamide treatment, degarelix enhanced thymocyte and mature TEC subset recovery, with faster recovery kinetics observed in females. These events were found to involve both reactivation and proliferation of thymic epithelial progenitor cells. Taken together, the findings from this study portray a relationship between gender disparity and thymus aging, and highlight the potential benefits of LHRH receptor antagonist treatment for thymic regeneration. Further research is required, however, to determine how gender may impact on the mechanisms underpinning these events.

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Effect of population and gender on chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity.

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Effect of population and gender on chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity.

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