Adolescent nondaily smokers: favorable views of tobacco yet receptive to cessation.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Introduction
Favorable views of cigarette use may be a potentiating factor that influences the progression of nicotine dependence among adolescents.Methods
Using data from the South Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey (2005-2007), a statewide two-stage cluster sample of students in Grades 6-12 (N = 7,385), we examined attitudes toward smoking and quit behaviors among adolescent smokers across a range of smoking frequencies.Results
Compared with past-30-day nonsmokers, adolescents who smoked 1-2 days in the past month were more likely to believe that (a) smokers have more friends, (b) smoking looks cool, and (c) it is safe to smoke in the short term and then quit, but less likely to think that (d) tobacco is as addictive as other drugs and (e) smoking few cigarettes per day is harmful. Those who smoked 1-2 days in the past month were similar to more frequent smokers, including those who smoked daily. Similar findings were found for lifetime exposure to smoking. Among those who smoked 1-2 days in the previous month, motivation to quit (54%) and incidence of quit attempts (52% in past year) were slightly higher compared with heavier smokers.Discussion
Even minimal levels of cigarette use are associated with favorable views of smoking, and adolescents with minimal levels of cigarette use resemble chronic smokers in several key ways. Adolescents at very early stages of cigarette use are at significant risk for chronic use. Tobacco control efforts should capitalize on motivation to quit with focused prevention strategies that arrest the progression from nondaily to daily smoking.
SUBMITTER: Carpenter MJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2670369 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Adolescent nondaily smokers: favorable views of tobacco yet receptive to cessation.
Carpenter Matthew J MJ Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth E Vitoc Camelia C Cartmell Kathleen K Biggers Sharon S Alberg Anthony J AJ
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20090414 4
<h4>Introduction</h4>Favorable views of cigarette use may be a potentiating factor that influences the progression of nicotine dependence among adolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>Using data from the South Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey (2005-2007), a statewide two-stage cluster sample of students in Grades 6-12 (N = 7,385), we examined attitudes toward smoking and quit behaviors among adolescent smokers across a range of smoking frequencies.<h4>Results</h4>Compared with past-30-day nonsmokers, adolescen ...[more]
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Project description:IntroductionNon-daily intermittent smokers (ITS) comprise 30% of US adult smokers. ITS smoke for nicotine and have trouble quitting, but tend to smoke in particular situations. This study tested the effect of nicotine gum, used to prevent or react to situational temptations, for helping ITS quit.MethodsITS (smoking 4-27 days/month) seeking help quitting were randomized to 2 mg nicotine gum (n = 181) or placebo (n = 188), to be used to anticipate or react to temptations to smoke, for 8 weeks. Participants received up to six sessions of behavioral counseling. The primary outcome was 6-month biochemically verified continuous abstinence; analyses also examined 14-day point-prevalence abstinence at multiple time points, and used event-history analyses to assess progression to abstinence, lapsing, and relapsing. Analyses adjusted for group differences in age and baseline smoking, and considered several potential moderators of treatment effects.ResultsNicotine gum did not significantly improve outcomes on any measure. Biochemically verified 6-month continuous abstinence rates were 7.2% for active gum and 5.3% for placebo (AOR = 1.39, 0.58-3.29, p > .25). ITS with any degree of dependence (Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence scores >0) showed poorer outcomes on multiple endpoints, and did more poorly on active gum on some outcomes. Gum use was low, starting at 1 gum per day on average and declining over time.ConclusionsNicotine gum (2 mg), used intermittently, did not improve cessation rates among ITS, including those demonstrating some degree of dependence.ImplicationsNicotine replacement has been extensively tested with daily smokers, especially those who smoke relatively heavily. Nondaily smoking is now common, creating a need for treatment for ITS. Despite evidence that ITS' smoking is motivated by nicotine-seeking, a theoretically and empirically derived situational approach to using acute nicotine replacement was not successful at helping ITS quit. Gum use was low; whether higher or more frequent dosing is needed, or whether an entirely different approach is needed, is not clear. Effective treatment options are needed for ITS, especially those with some degree of dependence.
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