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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Doer G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2672095 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Raw metagenomic sequences of the he WELCOME (WEilL COrnell Medicine Employees) (protocol number IRB# 20-04021831) trial conducted at Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM) and New York Presbyterian Hospital (NYP)
| PRJEB75003 | ENA
Project description:Europe recently experienced a large influx of refugees, spurring much public debate about the admission and integration of refugees and migrants into society. Previous research based on cross-sectional data found that European citizens generally favour asylum seekers with high employability, severe vulnerabilities, and Christians over Muslims. These preferences and attitudes were found to be homogeneous across countries and socio-demographic groups. Here, we do not study the general acceptance of asylum seekers, but the acceptance of refugee and migrant homes in citizens' vicinity and how it changes over time. Based on a repeated stated choice experiment on preferences for refugee and migrant homes, we show that the initially promoted "welcome culture" towards refugees in Germany was not reflected in the views of a majority of a sample of German citizens who rather disapproved refugee homes in their vicinity. Their preferences have not changed between November 2015, the peak of "welcome culture," and November 2016, after political debates, media reporting and public discourse had shifted towards limiting admission of immigrants. A minority of one fifth of the sample population, who were initially rather approving of refugee and migrant homes being established in their vicinity, were more likely to change their preferences towards a rather disapproving position in 2016. Experience of contact with refugees and migrants, higher education, and general pro-immigration attitudes explain acceptance of refugee and migrant homes as well as preference stability over time. Country of origin and religion of refugees and migrants are considered less important than decent housing conditions and whether refugee and migrants arrive as families or single persons. In this respect our results highlight the importance of humanitarian aspects of sheltering and integration of refugees and other migrants into society.
| S-EPMC6070168 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study explored whether there is a gender difference in letter-sound knowledge when children start at school. 485 children aged 5-6 years completed assessment of letter-sound knowledge, i.e., large letters; sound of large letters; small letters; sound of small letters. The findings indicate a significant difference between girls and boys in all four factors tested in this study in favor of the girls. There are still no clear explanations to the basis of a presumed gender difference in letter-sound knowledge. That the findings have origin in neuro-biological factors cannot be excluded, however, the fact that girls probably have been exposed to more language experience/stimulation compared to boys, lends support to explanations derived from environmental aspects.
| S-EPMC5599780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:I am pleased to introduce Methods and Protocols, a new multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal devoted to providing an open forum to report on new procedural approaches and cutting-edge methodological developments.[...].
| S-EPMC6526406 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, or representatives of the proposed order Megavirales, belong to families of giant viruses that infect a broad range of eukaryotic hosts. Megaviruses have been previously described to comprise a fourth monophylogenetic TRUC (things resisting uncompleted classification) together with cellular domains in the universal tree of life. Recently described pandoraviruses have large (1.9-2.5 MB) and highly divergent genomes. In the present study, we updated the classification of pandoraviruses and other reported giant viruses. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on six informational genes. Hierarchical clustering was performed based on a set of informational genes from Megavirales members and cellular organisms. Homologous sequences were selected from cellular organisms using TimeTree software, comprising comprehensive, and representative sets of members from Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Phylogenetic analyses based on three conserved core genes clustered pandoraviruses with phycodnaviruses, exhibiting their close relatedness. Additionally, hierarchical clustering analyses based on informational genes grouped pandoraviruses with Megavirales members as a super group distinct from cellular organisms. Thus, the analyses based on core conserved genes revealed that pandoraviruses are new genuine members of the 'Fourth TRUC' club, encompassing distinct life forms compared with cellular organisms.
| S-EPMC4435241 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC1117303 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo launch a pharmaceutical product in the US market, approval from the FDA is required. Pharmaceutical companies undergo FDA pre-approval inspection (PAI for small molecule products) or pre-license approval (PLI for biological products) at their manufacturing sites (including contract development and manufacturing organization, testing laboratories, and packaging labelling facilities) prior to approval. After the products are approved by the FDA, surveillance inspections are performed by the FDA which are risk based as which company and which site will be inspected. The present study examines the causes of warning letters issued by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA to the pharmaceutical companies after post-approval inspections.MethodsWarning letters issued from the time period 2010 to 2020 were obtained from the FDA website, and information about date of issuance, company, and type of violations was extracted for the study.ResultsPoor compliance to CGMP and misbranding were the most common reasons for the warning letters. Detailed analysis of CGMP warning letters elucidated three major types of violations, namely deficiencies in process validation, documentation practices (data integrity), and quality control corresponding to 26%, 21%, and 15% warning letters, respectively.ConclusionReview of the analysed letters demonstrates that the FDA's major concern is over CGMP compliance. To avoid these warning letters, pharmaceutical manufacturers need to improve their quality compliance and focus on creating effective quality management systems that govern the entire manufacturing process, quality control, employee training, and documentation practice. Companies should develop an internal compliance check list and also be ready for corrective measures as and when required.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12247-022-09678-2.
| S-EPMC9377664 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAllergic diseases have become an increasing health issue worldwide, being one of the fastest growing chronic diseases in Australia and other westernized countries. In 2013, allergic diseases were reported to affect 20% of the Australian population. Despite the high prevalence there was no national strategy to address these complex health issues, to enable the health system to manage the increasing number of patients. This project aimed to develop and implement a national strategy to improve allergy management in Australia, with a view of improving the quality of life of people living with or caring for someone with allergic diseases.MethodsThe need for a national strategy to improve allergy management was identified. The Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) and Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia (A&AA) worked together as partners to progress a national strategy using a theoretical model to underpin its development. Unrestricted education grants were sought to fund engagement with stakeholder organizations for both development and implementation summits. Several stages of advocacy were undertaken.ResultsThe National Allergy Strategy was developed as a partnership between ASCIA and A&AA. The Kotter's Change Management Model provided the basis for the steps undertaken to develop and implement the National Allergy Strategy. Two Allergy Summits, one for development and the other for implementation, were held. Several events were held to advocate for federal government funding. Five individual funding grants were achieved to implement National Allergy Strategy projects addressing the most urgent issues.ConclusionThe development of the National Allergy Strategy, a partnership between ASCIA and A&AA, was important in enabling successful advocacy for funding and implementation of important Australia-wide projects. The partnership has also helped facilitate engagement with key stakeholders to help advocate for funding and provide guidance and expertise in project implementation and resource development. The National Allergy Strategy has been successful in attracting funding to implement projects and develop resources urgently needed. The National Allergy Strategy has also provided a framework and a collaborative approach, for advocacy for further funding and future work to be undertaken.
| S-EPMC9574709 | biostudies-literature