Bovine kobuvirus in europe.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Reuter G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2687027 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:We detected bovine kobuvirus (BKV) in calves with diarrhea in the United States. The strain identified is related genetically to BKVs detected in other countries. Histopathologic findings also confirmed viral infection in 2 BKV cases. Our data show BKV is a potential causative agent for diarrhea in calves.
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Project description:Fecal samples (n = 107) were collected from cattle with ascertained or suspected diarrheal disease on Korean farms during 2008-2010. Of these, 37 samples tested positive for bovine kobuvirus. The 37 positive samples came from 32 cattle that exhibited diarrhea and five cattle that were non-diarrhetic. The majority of the virus-positive feces samples were from calves under 1 month of age (n = 25). Nine of the 37 cattle infected with bovine kobuvirus were confirmed to have a co-infection with other viruses including bovine rotavirus (n = 3), bovine coronavirus (n = 1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (n = 1), and both bovine coronavirus and bovine viral diarrhea virus (n = 4). A neighbor-joining tree grouped 36 of the Korean kobuvirus strains (with the exception of the KB8 strain) into three clusters (G1, G3, and G4), while strains derived from Thailand and Japan (except the U1 strain) were included in the G2 cluster. The results indicated that Korean bovine kobuvirus has diverse lineages regardless of disease status and species.
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Project description:Kobuviruses are small non-enveloped RNA viruses that probably cause diarrhea in cattle and swine. Since its discovery in 2003, few studies have addressed bovine kobuvirus (BKoV; a species of Aichivirus B) infections. BKoV has been reported in Europe, Asia, and South America, suggesting a worldwide distribution. To investigate the presence of BKoV in Egypt, 36 fecal specimens from diarrheic calves in two different Egyptian provinces (Cairo and Sharkia) were screened by RT-PCR and 24 (66.7%) were found positive for BKoV. RNA from one of the positive samples (BKoV/Egy-1/KY407744) was subjected to next-generation sequencing to determine the complete BKoV genome sequence. When compared to the only recorded BKoV genome sequence (BKoV/U-1/AB084788), the studied strain showed 94 amino acid (aa) substitutions through its entire polyprotein (2463 aa), one nucleotide (nt) insertion and one nt deletion in the 2B gene and 4-nt deletions in the UTRs (2 each). Additionally, five VP1 and seven 3D sequences were obtained from other samples by using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. A discrepancy in the phylogenetic topography of VP1 and 3D was observed, where the Egyptian VP1 sequences were classified as a distinct cluster within the proposed lineage 1 (genotype A), which also contained strains from the UK, Brazil, and Japan. While, the 3D sequences from Cairo were related to those of Chinese strains unlike Sharkia ones that were more closer to Korean strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection and genomic characterization of BKoV in Egypt or indeed Africa.
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Project description:In this study, 96 diarrheic and 77 non-diarrheic fecal samples from dairy calves were collected from 14 dairy farms in 4 provinces to investigate the molecular prevalence and genomic characteristics of Bovine Kobuvirus (BKoV) in China. The results showed that the BKoV positive rate for the diarrheic feces (35.42%) was significantly higher than that for the non-diarrheic feces (11.69%, p < 0.001). Interestingly, three potential novel VP1 lineages were identified from 15 complete VP1 sequences, and a unique triple nucleotide insertion which can result in an aa insertion, was first observed in the 11/12 VP0 fragments with 660 bp long in this study, compared with known BKoV VP0 sequences. Moreover, the first Chinese BKoV genome was successfully obtained from a diarrheic fecal sample, named CHZ/CHINA. The open reading frame (ORF) of the genome from strain CHZ/China shares 87.4%-88.3% nucleotide (nt) and 93.7%-96.4% amino acid (aa) identity, compared with the three known genomes of BKoV. Interestingly, phylogenetic tree based on aa sequences of these genomes showed that CHZ/CHINA was clustered into an independent branch, suggesting the strain may represent a novel BKoV strain. The findings contribute to better understanding the molecular characteristics and evolution of BKoV.
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Project description:Porcine kobuvirus swine/S-1-HUN/2007/Hungary overview
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Project description:Kobuviruses are known to infect the gastrointestinal tract of different animal species. Since its discovery in 2003, bovine kobuvirus (BKV) has been identified in faecal samples from diarrhoeic cattle in many countries, but only recently in North America. Although its possible role as an agent of calf diarrhoea remains to be determined, evidence is mounting. Our study reports for the first time the detection of BKV in faecal samples from diarrhoeic calves raised in Quebec, Canada. BKV was more commonly identified than eight known and common enteric calf pathogens. Further sequence analysis revealed that Canada BKV strain 1,043,507 was more closely correlated with the US BKV IL35164 strain than other BKV strains with complete genome. Continued surveillance and genomic characterization are needed to monitor BKV in the cattle around the world.
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Project description:Bovine kobuvirus (BKV) is a novel kobuvirus considered to be closely related to calf diarrhea and has become a worldwide epidemic. Currently, the BKV lacks an efficient and convenient detection method to assist the research on BKV prevalence. In this study, a new and specific TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR for the detection of BKV was developed using the conserved region of the 3D gene. The assay was highly specific for BKV, without cross-amplification with other non-targeted pathogens. The limit of detection of this assay was 102 copies. Standard curves showed a strong linear correlation from 102 to 106 copies of BKV standard RNA per reaction, and the parameters revealed as a slope of -3.54, efficiency of 91.64%, and regression coefficients (R2) of 0.998. The assay was also reproducible, with the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation <1.0%. The newly developed real-time RT-PCR was validated using 243 fecal samples collected from diarrheic or non-diarrheic cattle from nine regions in Hebei province and revealed the positive detection of BKV at a ratio of 19.34% (47/243). Sequencing of partial 3D genes from 13 positive samples and the following phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the reliability of the assay. In conclusion, the newly developed TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR could be used for the screening and epidemic monitoring of BKV.
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