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Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of interleukin-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs (IPSE/alpha-1).

ABSTRACT: The interleukin-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs (IPSE/alpha-1) triggers the release of large amounts of interleukin-4 from human blood basophils, thus presumably playing an immunomodulatory role during schistosome infection. IPSE/alpha-1 was crystallized and a native X-ray data set was collected to 1.66 A resolution from a single crystal at 100 K using synchrotron radiation. The crystal belonged to space group P6(1) or P6(5), with one molecule per asymmetric unit.

SUBMITTER: Mayerhofer H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2688418 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of interleukin-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs (IPSE/alpha-1).

Mayerhofer Hubert H Schramm Gabriele G Hatzopoulos Georgios N GN Mueller-Dieckmann Christoph C Haas Helmut H Mueller-Dieckmann Jochen J

Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications 20090522 Pt 6

The interleukin-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs (IPSE/alpha-1) triggers the release of large amounts of interleukin-4 from human blood basophils, thus presumably playing an immunomodulatory role during schistosome infection. IPSE/alpha-1 was crystallized and a native X-ray data set was collected to 1.66 A resolution from a single crystal at 100 K using synchrotron radiation. The crystal belonged to space group P6(1) or P6(5), with one molecule per asymmetric unit. ...[more]

PMID: 19478439

Similar Datasets

A Crystallin Fold in the Interleukin-4-inducing Principle of Schistosoma mansoni Eggs (IPSE/?-1) Mediates IgE Binding for Antigen-independent Basophil Activation.

Project description:The IL-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs (IPSE/?-1), the major secretory product of eggs from the parasitic worm S. mansoni, efficiently triggers basophils to release the immunomodulatory key cytokine interleukin-4. Activation by IPSE/?-1 requires the presence of IgE on the basophils, but the detailed molecular mechanism underlying activation is unknown. NMR and crystallographic analysis of IPSE?NLS, a monomeric IPSE/?-1 mutant, revealed that IPSE/?-1 is a new member of the ??-crystallin superfamily. We demonstrate that this molecule is a general immunoglobulin-binding factor with highest affinity for IgE. NMR binding studies of IPSE?NLS with the 180-kDa molecule IgE identified a large positively charged binding surface that includes a flexible loop, which is unique to the IPSE/?-1 crystallin fold. Mutational analysis of amino acids in the binding interface showed that residues contributing to IgE binding are important for IgE-dependent activation of basophils. As IPSE/?-1 is unable to cross-link IgE, we propose that this molecule, by taking advantage of its unique IgE-binding crystallin fold, activates basophils by a novel, cross-linking-independent mechanism.

| S-EPMC4571962 | biostudies-literature

Proteomic identification of IPSE/alpha-1 as a major hepatotoxin secreted by Schistosoma mansoni eggs.

Project description:BackgroundEggs deposited in the liver of the mammalian host by the blood fluke parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, normally drive a T-helper-2 (Th2)-mediated granulomatous response in immune-competent mice. By contrast, in mice deprived of T-cells and incapable of producing granulomata, egg-secreted proteins (ESP) induce acute hepatic injury and death. Previous work has shown that one such ESP, the T2 ribonuclease known as omega-1, is hepatotoxic in vivo in that specific antisera to omega-1 prevent hepatocyte damage.Methodology/principal findingsUsing an in vitro culture system employing mouse primary hepatocytes and alanine transaminase (ALT) activity as a marker of heptocyte injury, we demonstrated that S. mansoni eggs, egg-secreted proteins (ESP), soluble-egg antigen (SEA), and omega-1 are directly hepatotoxic and in a dose-dependent manner. Depletion of omega-1 using a monoclonal antibody abolished the toxicity of pure omega-1 and diminished the toxicity in ESP and SEA by 47 and 33%, respectively. Anion exchange chromatography of ESP yielded one predominant hepatotoxic fraction. Proteomics of that fraction identified the presence of IPSE/alpha-1 (IL-4 inducing principle from S. mansoni eggs), a known activator of basophils and inducer of Th2-type responses. Pure recombinant IPSE/alpha-1 also displayed a dose-dependent hepatotoxicity in vitro. Monoclonal antibody depletion of IPSE/alpha-1 abolished the latter's toxicity and diminished the total toxicity of ESP and SEA by 32 and 35%, respectively. Combined depletion of omega-1 and IPSE/alpha-1 diminished hepatotoxicity of ESP and SEA by 60 and 58% respectively.ConclusionsWe identified IPSE/alpha-1 as a novel hepatotoxin and conclude that both IPSE/alpha-1 and omega-1 account for the majority of the hepatotoxicity secreted by S. mansoni eggs.

| S-EPMC3201919 | biostudies-literature

Cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of LsrR from Escherichia coli.

Project description:In Escherichia coli, the lsr operon is composed of six genes lsrACDBFG which regulate uptake and modification of the signalling molecule AI-2. LsrR is a repressor of the lsr operon and itself, which can bind phospho-AI-2 and be released from the promoter region of the operon and thus activate gene expression. LsrR fused with an HHHHHH sequence at the C-terminus was expressed, purified and crystallized in order to determine its structure and elucidate the molecular mechanism of repression. The crystal belonged to space group I222, with unit-cell parameters a=79.84, b=116.65, c=186.04 A, and was estimated to contain two protein molecules per asymmetric unit.

| S-EPMC2917289 | biostudies-literature

Cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of SecA from Enterococcus faecalis.

Project description:The gene coding for SecA from Enterococcus faecalis was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. In this protein, the lysine at position 6 was replaced by an asparagine in order to reduce sensitivity towards proteases. The modified protein was purified and crystallized. Crystals diffracting to 2.4 A resolution were obtained using the vapour-diffusion technique. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 203.4, b = 49.8, c = 100.8 A, alpha = gamma = 90.0, beta = 119.1 degrees. A selenomethionine derivative was prepared and is currently being tested in crystallization trials.

| S-EPMC2243102 | biostudies-literature

Isolated Schistosoma mansoni eggs prevent allergic airway inflammation.

Project description:Chronic helminth infection with Schistosoma (S.) mansoni protects against allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in mice and is associated with reduced Th2 responses to inhaled allergens in humans, despite the presence of schistosome-specific Th2 immunity. Schistosome eggs strongly induce type 2 immunity and allow to study the dynamics of Th2 versus regulatory responses in the absence of worms. Treatment with isolated S. mansoni eggs by i.p. injection prior to induction of AAI to ovalbumin (OVA)/alum led to significantly reduced AAI as assessed by less BAL and lung eosinophilia, less cellular influx into lung tissue, less OVA-specific Th2 cytokines in lungs and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes and less circulating allergen-specific IgG1 and IgE antibodies. While OVA-specific Th2 responses were inhibited, treatment induced a strong systemic Th2 response to the eggs. The protective effect of S. mansoni eggs was unaltered in μMT mice lacking mature (B2) B cells and unaffected by Treg cell depletion using anti-CD25 blocking antibodies during egg treatment and allergic sensitization. Notably, prophylactic egg treatment resulted in a reduced influx of pro-inflammatory, monocyte-derived dendritic cells into lung tissue of allergic mice following challenge. Altogether, S. mansoni eggs can protect against the development of AAI, despite strong egg-specific Th2 responses.

| S-EPMC6175163 | biostudies-literature

Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of NifH1 from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.

Project description:Nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by the nitrogenase complex in Azotobacter, which is composed of dinitrogenase and dinitrogenase reductase. Dinitrogenase is an ?(2)?(2) heterotetramer of the proteins NifD and NifK. Dinitrogenase reductase is a homodimer of the protein NifH. The expression of NifD/K and NifH nitrogenase homologues (named NflD/K and NflH for Nif-like D and H, respectively) has been detected in the non-nitrogen-fixing hyperthermophilic methanogen Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. Solving the structure of MjNifH1 may help in better understanding its function and may supply some clues to understanding the evolution of nitrogenase. The full-length protein with an additional His(6) tag at the C-terminus was expressed, purified and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 287 K. An X-ray diffraction data set was collected to a resolution of 3.3 Å. The crystal belonged to space group P4(1)32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = c = 139.45 Å, and was estimated to contain one protein molecule per asymmetric unit.

| S-EPMC3087641 | biostudies-literature

Interleukin-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs contains a functional C-terminal nuclear localization signal necessary for nuclear translocation in mammalian cells but not for its uptake.

Project description:Interleukin-4-inducing principle from schistosome eggs (IPSE/alpha-1) is a protein produced exclusively by the eggs of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. IPSE/alpha-1 is a secretory glycoprotein which activates human basophils via an IgE-dependent but non-antigen-specific mechanism. Sequence analyses revealed a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) at the C terminus of IPSE/alpha-1. Here we show that this sequence (125-PKRRRTY-131) is both necessary and sufficient for nuclear localization of IPSE or IPSE-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusions. While transiently expressed EGFP-IPSE/alpha-1 was exclusively nuclear in the Huh7 and U-2 OS cell lines, a mutant lacking amino acids 125 to 134 showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. Moreover, insertion of the IPSE/alpha-1 NLS into a tetra-EGFP construct rendered the protein nuclear. Alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed a requirement for the KRRR residues. Fluorescence microscopy depicted, and Western blotting further confirmed, that recombinant IPSE/alpha-1 protein added exogenously is rapidly internalized by CHO cells and accumulates in nuclei in an NLS-dependent manner. A mutant protein in which the NLS motif was disrupted by triple mutation (RRR to AAA) was able to penetrate CHO cells but did not translocate to the nucleus. Furthermore, the uptake of native glycosylated IPSE/alpha-1 was confirmed in human primary monocyte-derived dendritic cells and was found to be a calcium- and temperature-dependent process. Live-cell imaging showed that IPSE/alpha-1 is not targeted to lysosomes. In contrast, peripheral blood basophils do not take up IPSE/alpha-1 and do not require the presence of an intact NLS for activation. Taken together, our results suggest that IPSE/alpha-1 may have additional nuclear functions in host cells.

| S-EPMC3067533 | biostudies-literature

Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and X-ray crystallographic analysis of PhaA from Ralstonia eutropha.

Project description:Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biopolymer that is in the spotlight because of its broad applications in bioplastics, fine chemicals, implant biomaterials and biofuels. PhaA from Ralstonia eutropha (RePhaA) is the first enzyme in the PHB biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes the condensation reaction of two acetyl-CoA molecules to give acetoacetyl-CoA. RePhaA was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of 20% polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 2K, 0.1?M Tris-HCl pH 8.5 and 0.2?M trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate at 295?K. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a maximum resolution of 1.96?Å on a synchrotron beamline. The crystal belonged to space group P2?, with unit-cell parameters a=68.38, b=105.47, c=106.91?Å, ?=?=90, ?=106.18°. With four subunits per asymmetric unit, the crystal volume per unit protein weight (VM) is 2.3?Å3?Da(-1), which corresponds to a solvent content of approximately 46.2%. The structure was solved by the molecular-replacement method and refinement of the structure is in progress.

| S-EPMC4231868 | biostudies-literature

Cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of MCAT from Staphylococcus aureus.

Project description:Malonyl-CoA:acyl-carrier protein transacylase (MCAT), encoded by the fabd gene, is a key enzyme in type II fatty-acid biosynthesis. It is responsible for transferring the malonyl group from malonyl-CoA to the holo acyl-carrier protein (ACP). Since the type II system differs from the type I system that mammals use, it has received enormous attention as a possible antibiotic target. In particular, only a single isoform of MCAT has been reported and a continuous coupled enzyme assay has been developed. MCAT from Staphylococcus aureus was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the protein was purified and crystallized. Diffraction data were collected to 1.2 A resolution. The crystals belonged to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 41.608, b = 86.717, c = 43.163 A, alpha = gamma = 90, beta = 106.330 degrees . The asymmetric unit contains one SaMCAT molecule.

| S-EPMC2805527 | biostudies-literature

Gene expression patterns in Schistosoma mansoni larvae and eggs

Project description:Protein variation in blood-dwelling schistosome worms generated by differential splicing of micro-exon gene transcripts. The infective schistosome cercaria develops from an undifferentiated germ ball within the daughter sporocyst in the molluscan host, during which considerable morphological development and synthesis of proteins essential for infection occurs. The free-living, non-feeding cercaria is notable for its swimming and host location behaviour. On contact with host skin it rapidly penetrates, replaces its tegument surface membranes, and begins body remodelling, before crossing the dermis to exit the skin via a blood vessel. Such a ‘violent’ transition from snail to fresh water to mammalian host should be accompanied by remarkable changes in the patterns of gene expression. All gene models from version E of the S. mansoni genome (www.GeneDB.org) were incorporated into a 350K feature Roche-NimbleGen, high-density oligonucleotide array. From a map-ordered list, every 13th 50mer was chosen as a probe. Double-stranded cDNA from three biological replicates each of germ balls, cercariae, and day 3 schistosomula was hybridised to the array without amplification. Statistical analysis was carried out using programmes from the Bioconductor suite (Gentleman et al. 2004 Genome Biol 5(10):R80). More than 1000 loci were shown to be differentially expressed in each of the comparisons between the three life cycle stages. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was then carried out to discover the categories enriched in each stage. In addition custom categories based on biological function (e.g. stress response) or parasite tissue (e.g. tegument) were analysed.

2010-05-29 | GSE22037 | GEO

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