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Tricyclic [1,2,4]triazine 1,4-dioxides as hypoxia selective cytotoxins.

ABSTRACT: A series of novel tricyclic triazine-di- N-oxides (TTOs) related to tirapazamine have been designed and prepared. A wide range of structural arrangements with cycloalkyl, oxygen-, and nitrogen-containing saturated rings fused to the triazine core, coupled with various side chains linked to either hemisphere, resulted in TTO analogues that displayed hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity in vitro. Optimal rates of hypoxic metabolism and tissue diffusion coefficients were achieved with fused cycloalkyl rings in combination with both the 3-aminoalkyl or 3-alkyl substituents linked to weakly basic soluble amines. The selection was further refined using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model predictions of the in vivo hypoxic potency (AUC req) and selectivity (HCD) with 12 TTO analogues predicted to be active in vivo, subject to the achievement of adequate plasma pharmacokinetics.

SUBMITTER: Hay MP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2690574 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tricyclic [1,2,4]triazine 1,4-dioxides as hypoxia selective cytotoxins.

Hay Michael P MP Hicks Kevin O KO Pchalek Karin K Lee Ho H HH Blaser Adrian A Pruijn Frederik B FB Anderson Robert F RF Shinde Sujata S SS Wilson William R WR Denny William A WA

Journal of medicinal chemistry 20081011 21

A series of novel tricyclic triazine-di- N-oxides (TTOs) related to tirapazamine have been designed and prepared. A wide range of structural arrangements with cycloalkyl, oxygen-, and nitrogen-containing saturated rings fused to the triazine core, coupled with various side chains linked to either hemisphere, resulted in TTO analogues that displayed hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity in vitro. Optimal rates of hypoxic metabolism and tissue diffusion coefficients were achieved with fused cycloalkyl ri ...[more]

PMID: 18847185

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Xanthone-1,2,4-triazine and Acridone-1,2,4-triazine Conjugates: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity.

Project description:A total of 21 novel xanthone and acridone derivatives were synthesized using the reactions of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives with 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridone, 1,3-dimethoxy-, and 1,3-dihydroxanthone, followed by optional dihydrotiazine ring aromatization. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against colorectal cancer HCT116, glioblastoma A-172, breast cancer Hs578T, and human embryonic kidney HEK-293 tumor cell lines. Five compounds (7a, 7e, 9e, 14a, and 14b) displayed good in vitro antiproliferative activities against these cancer cell lines. Compounds 7a and 7e demonstrated low toxicity for normal human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells, which determines the possibility of further development of these compounds as anticancer agents. Annexin V assay demonstrated that compound 7e activates apoptotic mechanisms and inhibits proliferation in glioblastoma cells.

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Toward hypoxia-selective DNA-alkylating agents built by grafting nitrogen mustards onto the bioreductively activated, hypoxia-selective DNA-oxidizing agent 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide (tirapazamine).

Project description:Tirapazamine (3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide) is a heterocyclic di-N-oxide that undergoes enzymatic deoxygenation selectively in the oxygen-poor (hypoxic) cells found in solid tumors to generate a mono-N-oxide metabolite. This work explored the idea that the electronic changes resulting from the metabolic deoxygenation of tirapazamine analogues might be exploited to activate a DNA-alkylating species selectively in hypoxic tissue. Toward this end, tirapazamine analogues bearing nitrogen mustard units were prepared. In the case of the tirapazamine analogue 18a bearing a nitrogen mustard unit at the 6-position, it was found that removal of the 4-oxide from the parent di-N-oxide to generate the mono-N-oxide analogue 17a did indeed cause a substantial increase in reactivity of the mustard unit, as measured by hydrolysis rates and DNA-alkylation yields. Hammett sigma values were measured to quantitatively assess the magnitude of the electronic changes induced by metabolic deoxygenation of the 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide heterocycle. The results provide evidence that the 1,2,4-benzotiazine 1,4-dioxide unit can serve as an oxygen-sensing prodrug platform for the selective unmasking of bioactive agents in hypoxic cells.

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Exploration of novel heterofused 1,2,4-triazine derivative in colorectal cancer.

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1,3-Dimethyl-5-methyl-sulfonyl-1H-pyrazolo-[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine.

Project description:In the title compound, C(7)H(9)N(5)O(2)S, the pyrazolo-[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine fused-ring system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.0420?(3)?Å]. In the crystal, mol-ecules related by twofold axes are linked into a mol-ecular net via inter-molecular C-H?O and C-H?N hydrogen bonds. ?-? inter-actions are observed between the triazine and pyrazole rings of mol-ecules related by the the twofold axis and inversion symmetry with centroid-centroid distances of 3.778?(3) and 3.416?(3)?Å, respectively.

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