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Soy proteins and isoflavones affect bone mineral density in older women: a randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT: Soy foods contain several components (isoflavones and amino acids) that potentially affect bone. Few long-term, large clinical trials of soy as a means of improving bone mineral density (BMD) in late postmenopausal women have been conducted.Our goal was to evaluate the long-term effect of dietary soy protein and/or soy isoflavone consumption on skeletal health in late postmenopausal women.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 131 healthy ambulatory women aged >60 y. Ninety-seven women completed the trial. After a 1-mo baseline period, subjects were randomly assigned into 1 of 4 intervention groups: soy protein (18 g) + isoflavone tablets (105 mg isoflavone aglycone equivalents), soy protein + placebo tablets, control protein + isoflavone tablets, and control protein + placebo tablets.Consumption of protein powder and isoflavone pills did not differ between groups, and compliance with the study powder and pills was 80-90%. No significant differences in BMD were observed between groups from baseline to 1 y after the intervention or in BMD change between equol and non-equol producers. However, there were significant negative correlations between total dietary protein (per kg) and markers of bone turnover (P < 0.05).Because soy protein and isoflavones (either alone or together) did not affect BMD, they should not be considered as effective interventions for preserving skeletal health in older women. The negative correlation between dietary protein and bone turnover suggests that increasing protein intakes may suppress skeletal turnover. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00668447.

SUBMITTER: Kenny AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2697003 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Soy proteins and isoflavones affect bone mineral density in older women: a randomized controlled trial.

Kenny Anne M AM Mangano Kelsey M KM Abourizk Robin H RH Bruno Richard S RS Anamani Denise E DE Kleppinger Alison A Walsh Stephen J SJ Prestwood Karen M KM Kerstetter Jane E JE

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20090527 1

<h4>Background</h4>Soy foods contain several components (isoflavones and amino acids) that potentially affect bone. Few long-term, large clinical trials of soy as a means of improving bone mineral density (BMD) in late postmenopausal women have been conducted.<h4>Objective</h4>Our goal was to evaluate the long-term effect of dietary soy protein and/or soy isoflavone consumption on skeletal health in late postmenopausal women.<h4>Design</h4>We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control ...[more]

PMID: 19474141

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Project description:Soy foods contain several components, notably, isoflavones and amino acids, that may improve cardiovascular health. We evaluated the long-term effect of soy protein and/or soy isoflavones supplementation on serum lipids and inflammatory markers using a 1-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-control, clinical trial in 131 healthy ambulatory women older than 60 years. We hypothesized that soy protein, in combination with isoflavones, would have the largest positive effect on coronary heart disease risk factors (serum lipids and inflammatory markers) compared with either intervention alone and that, within groups receiving isoflavones, equol producers would have more positive effects on coronary heart disease risk factors than nonequol producers. After a 1-month baseline period, participants were randomized into 1 of 4 intervention groups: soy protein (18 g/d) and isoflavone tablets (105 mg/d isoflavone aglycone equivalents), soy protein and placebo tablets, control protein and isoflavone tablets, or control protein and placebo tablets. T Tests were used to assess differences between equol and nonequol producers. Ninety-seven women completed the trial. Consumption of protein powder and isoflavone tablets did not differ among groups, and compliance with study powder and tablets was 79% and 90%, respectively. After 1 year, in the entire population, there were either no or little effects on serum lipids and inflammatory markers, regardless of treatment group. Equol producers, when analyzed separately, had significant improvements in total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratios (-5.9%, P = .02; -7.2%, P = .04 respectively). Soy protein and isoflavone (either alone or together) did not impact serum lipids or inflammatory markers. Therefore, they should not be considered an effective intervention to prevent cardiovascular disease because of lipid modification in healthy late postmenopausal women lacking the ability to produce equol.

Project description:Recent challenges in post-surgical bone tumor management have elucidated the need for a multifunctional scaffold, which can be used for residual tumor-cell suppression, defect repair, and simultaneous bone regeneration. In this perspective, 3D printing allows to create a wide variety of patient-specific implant with complex porous architecture and compatible mechanical strength to that of cancellous bone. Here, a multifunctional bone graft substitute is designed by incorporating the three primary soy isoflavones: genistein, daidzein, and glycitein onto a 3D printed (3DP) tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds with designed pores, endowing them with in vitro chemopreventive, bone-cell proliferating and immune-modulatory potential. The interconnected porosity and biodegradability of 3DP TCP ceramics have allowed controlled release kinetics of genistein, daidzein and glycitein in acidic and physiological buffer medium for 16 days, which is fitted with Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Presence of genistein, a well-known natural biomolecule shows a 90% reduction in vitro osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell viability and proliferation after 11 days. Meanwhile, daidzein, the other primary isoflavone, promotes in vitro cellular attachment and enhances viability and proliferation of human fetal osteoblast cell (hFOB). Furthermore, controlled release of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein from 3DP TCP scaffold demonstrates improved hFOB cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation in a dynamic flow-perfusion bioreactor, which is utilized to better simulate the clinical microenvironment. Finally, in vivo H&E staining confirms controlled co-delivery of genistein-daidzein-glycitein from 3DP scaffold carefully modulated neutrophil recruitment to the surgery site after 24 h of implantation in a rat distal femur model. These results advance our understanding towards multipronged therapeutic approaches utilizing synthetic bone graft substitutes as a drug delivery vehicle, and more importantly, demonstrate the feasibility of localized tumor cell suppression and bone cell proliferation for post-surgical defect repair application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Designed multimodal porosity of 3D printed TCP scaffold allows a controlled and sustained release of soy isoflavones, genistein, daidzein and glycitein in both physiological and acidic pH. Presence of genistein shows 90% reduction in vitro bone cancer cell viability and proliferation. Meanwhile, controlled release of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein from 3DP TCP scaffolds demonstrate improved osteoblast cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation in static and dynamic flow-perfusion bioreactor. Furthermore, H&E staining at 24 h post-surgical specimens from rat distal femur model shows neutrophil recruitment at the surgery site is significantly decreased, suggesting the anti-inflammatory property of soy isoflavones. This work provides deeper understanding on the design of a multifunctional 3D printed patient-specific scaffold with enhanced in vitro chemopreventive, osteogenic and in vivo anti-inflammatory ability.

Project description:SummaryThis randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of resistance training frequency (0, 1, and 2 times/week) on cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the tibia in older women. There was no mean difference in change in tibial cortical vBMD in older women who engaged in resistance training (RT) one or two times/week compared with the control group over 12 months after adjusting for baseline values.IntroductionNational guidelines recommend RT two to three times/week to optimize bone health. Our objective was to determine the effect of a 12-month intervention of three different RT frequencies on tibial volumetric cortical density (CovBMD) in healthy older women.MethodsWe randomized participants to the following groups: (1) 2×/week balance and tone group (i.e., no resistance beyond body weight, BT), (2) 1×/week RT (RT1), and (3) 2×/week RT (RT2). Treatment allocation was concealed, and measurement team and the bone data analyst were blinded to group allocation. We used peripheral quantitative computed tomography to acquire one 2.3-mm scan at the 50 % tibia, and the primary outcome was CovBMD. Data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months, and we used linear mixed modeling to assess the effect at 12 months.ResultsWe assessed 147 participants; 100 women provided data at all three points. Baseline unadjusted mean (SD) tibial CovBMD (in milligrams per cubic centimeter) at the 50 % site was 1,077.4 (43.0) (BT), 1,087.8 (42.0) (RT1), and 1,058.7 (60.4) (RT2). At 12 months, there were no statistically significant differences (-0.45 to -0.17 %) between BT and RT groups for mean difference in change in tibial CovBMD for exercise interventions (BT, RT1, RT2) after adjusting for baseline tibial CovBMD.ConclusionWe note no mean difference in change in tibial CovBMD in older women who engaged in RT one or two times/week compared with the control group over 12 months. It is unknown if RT of 3× or 4×/week would be enough to promote a statistically significant difference in change of bone density.

Project description:BackgroundLimited information is available on ways to influence osteoporosis risk in premenopausal women. This study tested four hypotheses regarding the effects of individualized bone density (BMD) feedback and different educational interventions on osteoporosis preventive behavior and BMD in pre-menopausal women, namely: that women are more likely to change calcium intake and physical activity if their BMD is low; that group education will be more efficacious at changing behavior than an information leaflet; that BMD feedback and group education have independent effects on behavior and BMD; and, that women who improve their physical activity or calcium intake will have a change in bone mass over 2 years that is better than those who do not alter their behavior.MethodsWe performed a 2-year randomized controlled trial of BMD feedback according to T-score and either an osteoporosis information leaflet or small group education in a population-based random sample of 470 healthy women aged 25-44 years (response rate 64%). Main outcome measures were dietary calcium intake, calcium supplement use, smoking behavior, physical activity, endurance fitness, lower limb strength and BMD. We used paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA and linear regression techniques for data analysis.ResultsWomen who had feedback of low BMD had a greater increase in femoral neck BMD than those with normal BMD (1.6% p.a. vs. 0.7% p.a., p = 0.0001), but there was no difference in lumbar spine BMD change between these groups (0.1% p.a. vs. 0.08% p.a., p = 0.9). Both educational interventions had similar increases in femoral neck BMD (Leaflet = +1.0% p.a., Osteoporosis self-management course = + 1.3% p.a., p = 0.4). Femoral neck BMD change was only significantly associated with starting calcium supplements (1.3 % p.a, 95%CI +0.49, +2.17) and persistent self-reported change in physical activity levels (0.7% p.a., 95%CI +0.22, +1.22).ConclusionIndividualized BMD feedback combined with a minimal educational intervention is effective at increasing hip but not spine bone density in premenopausal women. The changes in behavior through which this was mediated are potentially important in the prevention of other diseases, thus measuring BMD at a young age may have substantial public health benefits, particularly if these changes are sustained.

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Soy proteins and isoflavones affect bone mineral density in older women: a randomized controlled trial.

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Soy proteins and isoflavones affect bone mineral density in older women: a randomized controlled trial.

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