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Phosphate-dependent behavior of the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum strain R1.

ABSTRACT: Phosphate is essential for life on earth, since it is an integral part of important biomolecules. The mechanisms applied by bacteria and eukarya to combat phosphate limitation are fairly well understood. However, it is not known how archaea sense phosphate limitation or which genes are regulated upon limitation. We conducted a microarray analysis to explore the phosphate-dependent gene expression of Halobacterium salinarum strain R1. We identified a set of 17 genes whose transcript levels increased up to several hundredfold upon phosphate limitation. Analysis of deletion mutants showed that this set of genes, the PHO stimulon, is very likely independent of signaling via two-component systems. Our experiments further indicate that PHO stimulon induction might be dependent on the intracellular phosphate concentration, which turned out to be subject to substantial changes. Finally, the study revealed that H. salinarum exhibits a phosphate-directed chemotaxis, which is induced by phosphate starvation.

SUBMITTER: Wende A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2698381 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Phosphate-dependent behavior of the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum strain R1.

Wende Andy A Furtwängler Katarina K Oesterhelt Dieter D

Journal of bacteriology 20090410 12

Phosphate is essential for life on earth, since it is an integral part of important biomolecules. The mechanisms applied by bacteria and eukarya to combat phosphate limitation are fairly well understood. However, it is not known how archaea sense phosphate limitation or which genes are regulated upon limitation. We conducted a microarray analysis to explore the phosphate-dependent gene expression of Halobacterium salinarum strain R1. We identified a set of 17 genes whose transcript levels increa ...[more]

PMID: 19363117

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Project description:Halobacterium salinarum is an extremely halophilic archaeon that is widely distributed in hypersaline environments and was originally isolated as a spoilage organism of salted fish and hides. The type strain 91-R6 (DSM 3754T ) has seldom been studied and its genome sequence has only recently been determined by our group. The exact relationship between the type strain and two widely used model strains, NRC-1 and R1, has not been described before. The genome of Hbt. salinarum strain 91-R6 consists of a chromosome (2.17 Mb) and two large plasmids (148 and 102 kb, with 39,230 bp being duplicated). Cytosine residues are methylated (m4 C) within CTAG motifs. The genomes of type and laboratory strains are closely related, their chromosomes sharing average nucleotide identity (ANIb) values of 98% and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) values of 95%. The chromosomes are completely colinear, do not show genome rearrangement, and matching segments show <1% sequence difference. Among the strain-specific sequences are three large chromosomal replacement regions (>10 kb). The well-studied AT-rich island (61 kb) of the laboratory strains is replaced by a distinct AT-rich sequence (47 kb) in 91-R6. Another large replacement (91-R6: 78 kb, R1: 44 kb) codes for distinct homologs of proteins involved in motility and N-glycosylation. Most (107 kb) of plasmid pHSAL1 (91-R6) is very closely related to part of plasmid pHS3 (R1) and codes for essential genes (e.g. arginine-tRNA ligase and the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme aspartate carbamoyltransferase). Part of pHS3 (42.5 kb total) is closely related to the largest strain-specific sequence (164 kb) in the type strain chromosome. Genome sequencing unraveled the close relationship between the Hbt. salinarum type strain and two well-studied laboratory strains at the DNA and protein levels. Although an independent isolate, the type strain shows a remarkably low evolutionary difference to the laboratory strains.

Dataset Information

Phosphate-dependent behavior of the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum strain R1.

Publications

Phosphate-dependent behavior of the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum strain R1.

Similar Datasets

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