Dataset Information

The bioactivity of plant extracts against representative bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Lower respiratory tract infections are a major cause of illness and death. Such infections are common in intensive care units (ICU) and their lethality persists despite advances in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. In Mexico, some plants are used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases or ailments such as cough, bronchitis, tuberculosis and other infections. Medical knowledge derived from traditional societies has motivated searches for new bioactive molecules derived from plants that show potent activity against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hexanic, chloroformic (CLO), methanolic (MET) and aqueous extracts from various plants used in Mexican traditional medicine on various microorganisms associated with respiratory disease.

Methods

thirty-five extracts prepared from nine plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory infections were evaluated against 15 control bacterial species and clinical isolates.

Results

Both chloroformic (CLO) and methanolic (MET) extracts of Larrea tridentata were active against Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, B. subtilis and L. monocytogenes. A MET extract of L. tridentata was also active against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. maltophilia, E. faecalis and H. influenzae and the CLO extract was active against A. baumannii. An Aqueous extract of M. acumitata and a MET extract of N. officinale were active against S. pneumoniae. CLO and MET extracts of L. tridentata were active against clinical isolates of S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and E. faecalis.

Conclusion

Overall, our results support the potential use of L. tridentata as a source of antibacterial compounds.

SUBMITTER: Bocanegra-Garcia V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2702266 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The bioactivity of plant extracts against representative bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract.

Bocanegra-García Virgilio V Del Rayo Camacho-Corona María M Ramírez-Cabrera Mónica M Rivera Gildardo G Garza-González Elvira E

BMC research notes 20090601

<h4>Background</h4>Lower respiratory tract infections are a major cause of illness and death. Such infections are common in intensive care units (ICU) and their lethality persists despite advances in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. In Mexico, some plants are used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases or ailments such as cough, bronchitis, tuberculosis and other infections. Medical knowledge derived from traditional societies has motivated searches for new bioactive molecules ...[more]

PMID: 19486533

Similar Datasets

Project description:Although culture-independent techniques have refuted lung sterility in health, controversy about contamination during bronchoscope passage through the upper respiratory tract (URT) has impeded research progress. We sought to establish whether bronchoscopic sampling accurately reflects the lung microbiome in health and to distinguish between two proposed routes of authentic microbial immigration, (i) dispersion along contiguous respiratory mucosa and (ii) subclinical microaspiration. During bronchoscopy of eight adult volunteers without lung disease, we performed seven protected specimen brushings (PSB) and bilateral bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) per subject. We amplified, sequenced, and analyzed the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V4 regions by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Rigorous attention was paid to eliminate potential sources of error or contamination, including a randomized processing order and the inclusion and analysis of exhaustive procedural and sequencing control specimens. Indices of mouth-lung immigration (mouth-lung community similarity, bacterial burden, and community richness) were all significantly greater in airway and alveolar specimens than in bronchoscope contamination control specimens, indicating minimal evidence of pharyngeal contamination. Ecological indices of mouth-lung immigration peaked at or near the carina, as predicted for a primary immigration route of microaspiration. Bacterial burden, diversity, and mouth-lung similarity were greater in BAL than PSB samples, reflecting differences in the sampled surface areas. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02392182.)IMPORTANCE This study defines the bacterial topography of the healthy human respiratory tract and provides ecological evidence that bacteria enter the lungs in health primarily by microaspiration, with potential contribution in some subjects by direct dispersal along contiguous mucosa. By demonstrating that contamination contributes negligibly to microbial communities in bronchoscopically acquired specimens, we validate the use of bronchoscopy to investigate the lung microbiome.

Project description:The poultry meat and its products are considered ideal media for bacterial growth and spoilage, as they are highly nutritive with a favorable pH. The food industry has focused its attention on a great diversity of plant species as food preservatives. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157: H7, and Klebsiella pneumonia in food samples and to evaluate of the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against these bacteria. Raw and processed meat samples (n = 60) were collected from abattoirs and local markets. S. aureus, E. coli O157: H7, and K. pneumonia were isolated, identified by phenotypic methods, and then confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibacterial activity and spectrum of essential oils and spices powder of cumin, black seeds, cloves, cinnamon, and marjoram was determined against the isolated strains in this study by microbial count and well-diffusion techniques. A total of 33 isolates have been identified as S. aureus, 30 isolates were identified as E. coli O157: H7, and 15 isolates were identified as K. pneumonia. S. aureus, E. coli O157: H7, and K. pneumonia could be detected in both fresh and processed food with higher prevalence in the processed meat. There was a significant decrease in microbial count in treated samples either with the spices powder or essential oils of the tested medicinal plants compared to control samples during storage time period. Furthermore, while the microbial count increased in the control samples, the microbial count decreased to reach zero in almost all treated samples with essential oils after 15 days of storage. S. aureus, E. coli O157: H7, and K. pneumonia are associated with food from animal sources, in either fresh or processed meat samples. The prevalence of them was higher in the processed meat than in fresh meat. The essential oils and spices powder of cumin, black seeds, cloves, cinnamon, and marjoram have an in vitro wide spectrum antibacterial activity with the highest antibacterial activity for the black seeds.

Project description:Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the most common infections in humans. It is estimated that 2.74 million deaths worldwide occur each year due to LRTIs. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of microorganisms isolated from respiratory samples of patients with LRTIs. Between January 2015 and December 2019, a total of 7038 sputum and bronchoaspirate samples from suspected LRTI patients were collected. Among them, 2753 samples (39.1%) showed significant microbial growth on culture media. The LRTI rate was higher in patients with male gender (67.1%) and with age between 40-59 years (48.6%). The microorganism identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed with Vitek 2. Out of 4278 isolates species, 3102 (72.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria, 1048 (24.5%) were Gram-positive bacteria, and 128 (3.0%) were Candida spp. Major microorganisms isolated were Acinetobacter baumannii (18.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.2%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.9%). In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Staphylococcus aureus isolates were mostly resistant to Penicillin G (84.1%) and Oxacillin (48.1%), whereas they demonstrated maximum sensitivity to Tigecycline (100%) and Linezolid (99.5%). Among Gram-negative isolates, Acinetobacter baumannii showed maximum sensitivity to Colistin but was resistant to other antibiotics (95-99%). Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were mostly resistant to Cefotaxime (72.7%) and sensitive to Gentamicin (54.3%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to Ciprofloxacin (40.3%) and sensitive to Amikacin (85.9%). Gram-negative bacteria represented the species most commonly isolated. A high rate of antimicrobial resistance was observed in this study. In conclusion, the correct identification of causative microorganisms and their susceptibility patterns to antibiotics is crucial for choosing targeted and effective antibiotic therapy in LRTIs, and to prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Project description:BackgroundUnderstanding the complex structures and interactions of the bacterial communities inhabiting the upper (URT) and lower (LRT) respiratory tract of pigs is at an early stage. The objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial topography of three URT (nostrils, choana, and tonsils) and LRT (proximal trachea, left caudal lobe and secondary bronchi) sites in pigs. Thirty-six post-mortem samples from six pigs were analysed by 16S rRNA gene quantification and sequencing, and the microbiota in nostrils and trachea was additionally profiled by shotgun sequencing.ResultsThe bacterial composition obtained by the two methods was congruent, although metagenomics recovered only a fraction of the diversity (32 metagenome-assembled genomes) due to the high proportion (85-98%) of host DNA. The highest abundance of 16S rRNA copies was observed in nostrils, followed by tonsils, trachea, bronchi, choana and lung. Bacterial richness and diversity were lower in the LRT compared to the URT. Overall, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified as predominant taxa in all sample types. Glasserella (15.7%), Streptococcus (14.6%) and Clostridium (10.1%) were the most abundant genera but differences in microbiota composition were observed between the two tracts as well as between sampling sites within the same tract. Clear-cut differences were observed between nasal and tonsillar microbiomes (R-values 0.85-0.93), whereas bacterial communities inhabiting trachea and lung were similar (R-values 0.10-0.17). Moraxella and Streptococcus were more common in bronchial mucosal scraping than in lavage, probably because of mucosal adherence. The bacterial microbiota of the choana was less diverse than that of the nostrils and similar to the tracheal microbiota (R-value 0.24), suggesting that the posterior nasal cavity serves as the primary source of bacteria for the LRT.ConclusionWe provide new knowledge on microbiota composition and species abundance in distinct ecological niches of the pig respiratory tract. Our results shed light on the distribution of opportunistic bacterial pathogens across the respiratory tract and support the hypothesis that bacteria present in the lungs originate from the posterior nasal cavity. Due to the high abundance of host DNA, high-resolution profiling of the pig respiratory microbiota by shotgun sequencing requires methods for host DNA depletion.

Dataset Information

The bioactivity of plant extracts against representative bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

The bioactivity of plant extracts against representative bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets