Dataset Information

Characterization of cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from recreational beaches and private drinking water in Canada between 2004 and 2006.

ABSTRACT: A total of 142 cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from water sources were collected across Canada. Multidrug resistance was observed in 65/142 (45.8%) isolates. The bla(CMY-2) gene was identified in 110/142 (77.5%) isolates. Sequencing of the chromosomal ampC promoter region showed mutations from the wild type, previously shown to hyperproduce AmpC. CMY-2-producing plasmids predominantly belonged to replicon groups I1-Igamma, A/C, and K/B. The majority of the E. coli isolates belonged to the nonvirulent phylogenetic groups A and B1.

SUBMITTER: Mataseje LF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2704656 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from recreational beaches and private drinking water in Canada between 2004 and 2006.

Mataseje L F LF Neumann N N Crago B B Baudry P P Zhanel G G GG Louie M M Mulvey M R MR

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20090427 7

A total of 142 cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from water sources were collected across Canada. Multidrug resistance was observed in 65/142 (45.8%) isolates. The bla(CMY-2) gene was identified in 110/142 (77.5%) isolates. Sequencing of the chromosomal ampC promoter region showed mutations from the wild type, previously shown to hyperproduce AmpC. CMY-2-producing plasmids predominantly belonged to replicon groups I1-Igamma, A/C, and K/B. The majority of the E. coli isolates belonged ...[more]

PMID: 19398647

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Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to measure the income-related inequalities and inequities - the inequalities that remain after accounting for differences in health need - in expenditure on fully publicly covered (hospital and ambulatory) and partially publicly covered (prescription drugs) services for those in their last year of life in the province of British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. We focused on a decedent population for three reasons: to minimize unmeasured need differences among our cohort and therefore isolate income effects; to explore inequities for a high-spending window of health care use; and, because previous studies have found conflicting relationships between income and decedent health care spending, to further quantify this relationship.MethodsWe used linked administrative databases to describe spending on health services by income for all 58,820 deaths of B.C. residents 65 and older from 2004 to 2006. Regression analyses examined the association between income and health care spending, adjusting for age, sex, health status, cause of death, and other relevant factors. We then used concentration indexes to measure both inequalities and inequities separately for three key types of services. Analyses were also run separately for men and women.ResultsOn average, per capita expenditure on acute health care in the last year of life was $20,705 (CDN2006). In need-adjusted regression analyses, we found decedents in the highest income quintile had 11% lower hospital expenditures, 15% higher specialist expenditures and 23% higher prescription drug expenditures than decedents in the lowest income quintile. Concentration index analysis suggested that spending for all types of care was concentrated among those with higher income before adjusting for need. Need-adjusted equity results mirrored regression findings and suggested patterns of inequities that were more pronounced among male decedents than females.ConclusionsDespite the universal health care system in B.C., we found patterns of inequity in spending by income in the last year of life, even for fully publicly covered services. These results, parallel to relationships between income and spending from previous studies of the B.C. population, suggest persistent income-related inequities in the health care Canadians receive throughout their lives.

Project description:Monitoring of fecal indicator bacteria at recreational waters is an important public health measure to minimize water-borne disease, however traditional culture methods for quantifying bacteria can take 18-24 hours to obtain a result. To support real-time notifications of water quality, models using environmental variables have been created to predict indicator bacteria levels on the day of sampling. We conducted a systematic review of predictive models of fecal indicator bacteria at freshwater recreational sites in temperate climates to identify and describe the existing approaches, trends, and their performance to inform beach water management policies. We conducted a comprehensive search strategy, including five databases and grey literature, screened abstracts for relevance, and extracted data using structured forms. Data were descriptively summarized. A total of 53 relevant studies were identified. Most studies (n = 44, 83%) were conducted in the United States and evaluated water quality using E. coli as fecal indicator bacteria (n = 46, 87%). Studies were primarily conducted in lakes (n = 40, 75%) compared to rivers (n = 13, 25%). The most commonly reported predictive model-building method was multiple linear regression (n = 37, 70%). Frequently used predictors in best-fitting models included rainfall (n = 39, 74%), turbidity (n = 31, 58%), wave height (n = 24, 45%), and wind speed and direction (n = 25, 47%, and n = 23, 43%, respectively). Of the 19 (36%) studies that measured accuracy, predictive models averaged an 81.0% accuracy, and all but one were more accurate than traditional methods. Limitations identifed by risk-of-bias assessment included not validating models (n = 21, 40%), limited reporting of whether modelling assumptions were met (n = 40, 75%), and lack of reporting on handling of missing data (n = 37, 70%). Additional research is warranted on the utility and accuracy of more advanced predictive modelling methods, such as Bayesian networks and artificial neural networks, which were investigated in comparatively fewer studies and creating risk of bias tools for non-medical predictive modelling.

Dataset Information

Characterization of cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from recreational beaches and private drinking water in Canada between 2004 and 2006.

Publications

Characterization of cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from recreational beaches and private drinking water in Canada between 2004 and 2006.

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