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Preliminary crystallographic studies of the regulatory domain of response regulator YycF from an essential two-component signal transduction system.

ABSTRACT: YycGF is a crucial signal transduction system for the regulation of cell-wall metabolism in low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria, which include many important human pathogens. The response regulator YycF receives signals from its cognate histidine kinase YycG through a phosphotransfer reaction and elicits responses through regulation of gene expression. The N-terminal regulatory domain of YycF from Bacillus subtilis was overproduced and purified. The protein was crystallized and X-ray data were collected to 1.95 A resolution with a completeness of 97.7% and an overall R(merge) of 7.7%. The crystals belonged to space group P3(1)21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 59.50, c = 79.06 A.

SUBMITTER: Zhao H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2705644 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Preliminary crystallographic studies of the regulatory domain of response regulator YycF from an essential two-component signal transduction system.

Zhao Haiyan H Heroux Annie A Sequeira Reuben D RD Tang Liang L

Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications 20090627 Pt 7

YycGF is a crucial signal transduction system for the regulation of cell-wall metabolism in low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria, which include many important human pathogens. The response regulator YycF receives signals from its cognate histidine kinase YycG through a phosphotransfer reaction and elicits responses through regulation of gene expression. The N-terminal regulatory domain of YycF from Bacillus subtilis was overproduced and purified. The protein was crystallized and X-ray data were collec ...[more]

PMID: 19574649

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Project description:A variety of bacterial cellular responses to environmental signals are mediated by two-component signal transduction systems comprising a membrane-associated histidine protein kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator (RR), which interpret specific stimuli and produce a measured physiological response. In RR activation, transient phosphorylation of a highly conserved aspartic acid residue drives the conformation changes needed for full activation of the protein. Sequence homology reveals that RR02 from Streptococcus pneumoniae belongs to the OmpR subfamily of RRs. The structures of the receiver domains from four members of this family, DrrB and DrrD from Thermotoga maritima, PhoB from Escherichia coli, and PhoP from Bacillus subtilis, have been elucidated. These domains are globally very similar in that they are composed of a doubly wound alpha(5)beta(5); however, they differ remarkably in the fine detail of the beta4-alpha4 and alpha4 regions. The structures presented here reveal a further difference of the geometry in this region. RR02 is has been shown to be the essential RR in the gram-positive bacterium S. pneumoniae R. Lange, C. Wagner, A. de Saizieu, N. Flint, J. Molnos, M. Stieger, P. Caspers, M. Kamber, W. Keck, and K. E. Amrein, Gene 237:223-234, 1999; J. P. Throup, K. K. Koretke, A. P. Bryant, K. A. Ingraham, A. F. Chalker, Y. Ge, A. Marra, N. G. Wallis, J. R. Brown, D. J. Holmes, M. Rosenberg, and M. K. Burnham, Mol. Microbiol. 35:566-576, 2000). RR02 functions as part of a phosphotransfer system that ultimately controls the levels of competence within the bacteria. Here we report the native structure of the receiver domain of RR02 from serotype 4 S. pneumoniae (as well as acetate- and phosphate-bound forms) at different pH levels. Two native structures at 2.3 A, phased by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (xenon SAD), and 1.85 A and a third structure at pH 5.9 revealed the presence of a phosphate ion outside the active site. The fourth structure revealed the presence of an acetate molecule in the active site.

Project description:The two-component signal transduction (TCS) machinery is a key mechanism of sensing environmental changes in the prokaryotic world. TCS systems have been characterized thoroughly in bacteria but to a much lesser extent in archaea. Here, we provide an updated census of more than 2,000 histidine kinases and response regulators encoded in 218 complete archaeal genomes, as well as unfinished genomes available from metagenomic data. We describe the domain architectures of the archaeal TCS components, including several novel output domains, and discuss the evolution of the archaeal TCS machinery. The distribution of TCS systems in archaea is strongly biased, with high levels of abundance in haloarchaea and thaumarchaea but none detected in the sequenced genomes from the phyla Crenarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, and Korarchaeota The archaeal sensor histidine kinases are generally similar to their well-studied bacterial counterparts but are often located in the cytoplasm and carry multiple PAS and/or GAF domains. In contrast, archaeal response regulators differ dramatically from the bacterial ones. Most archaeal genomes do not encode any of the major classes of bacterial response regulators, such as the DNA-binding transcriptional regulators of the OmpR/PhoB, NarL/FixJ, NtrC, AgrA/LytR, and ActR/PrrA families and the response regulators with GGDEF and/or EAL output domains. Instead, archaea encode multiple copies of response regulators containing either the stand-alone receiver (REC) domain or combinations of REC with PAS and/or GAF domains. Therefore, the prevailing mechanism of archaeal TCS signaling appears to be via a variety of protein-protein interactions, rather than direct transcriptional regulation.IMPORTANCE Although the Archaea represent a separate domain of life, their signaling systems have been assumed to be closely similar to the bacterial ones. A study of the domain architectures of the archaeal two-component signal transduction (TCS) machinery revealed an overall similarity of archaeal and bacterial sensory modules but substantial differences in the signal output modules. The prevailing mechanism of archaeal TCS signaling appears to involve various protein-protein interactions rather than direct transcription regulation. The complete list of histidine kinases and response regulators encoded in the analyzed archaeal genomes is available online at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Complete_Genomes/TCSarchaea.html.

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Preliminary crystallographic studies of the regulatory domain of response regulator YycF from an essential two-component signal transduction system.

Publications

Preliminary crystallographic studies of the regulatory domain of response regulator YycF from an essential two-component signal transduction system.

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