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Thematic minireview series: metals in biology.

ABSTRACT: Metals have important roles in biochemistry ranging from essential to toxic. This prologue introduces the second of the Thematic Minireview Series on Metals in Biology, which includes minireviews on five metals: iron, zinc, nickel, vanadium, and arsenic. Three of the minireviews are focused on the roles of the metals in enzymes (iron, nickel, and vanadium). Zinc deficiency is discussed in another, and the arsenic minireview deals with the toxic and some potentially useful applications of the biological effects.

SUBMITTER: Guengerich FP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2707207 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Thematic minireview series: metals in biology.

Guengerich F Peter FP

The Journal of biological chemistry 20090410 28

Metals have important roles in biochemistry ranging from essential to toxic. This prologue introduces the second of the Thematic Minireview Series on Metals in Biology, which includes minireviews on five metals: iron, zinc, nickel, vanadium, and arsenic. Three of the minireviews are focused on the roles of the metals in enzymes (iron, nickel, and vanadium). Zinc deficiency is discussed in another, and the arsenic minireview deals with the toxic and some potentially useful applications of the bio ...[more]

PMID: 19363036

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Project description:BackgroundBracing concepts in use today for the treatment of scoliosis include symmetric and asymmetric hard braces usually made of polyethylene (PE) and soft braces. A new asymmetric Chêneau style CAD/CAM derivate has been designed to overcome problems the author experienced with other Chêneau CAD/CAM systems over the recent years.Brace descriptionThis CAD/CAM Chêneau derivate has been called Gensingen brace™, a brace available to address all possible curve patterns. Once the patients' trunk is scanned with the help of a whole trunk optical 3D-scan and the patients' data from the clinical measurements are recorded, a model of the brace can be created by (1) modifying the trunk model of the patient 'on screen' to achieve a very individual brace model using the CAD/CAM tools provided or by (2) choosing a brace model from our library and re-size it to the patients' properties 'on screen'.ResultsEnd-result studies have been published on the Chêneau brace as early as 1985. Cohort studies on the Chêneau brace are available as is a prospective controlled study respecting the SRS criteria for bracing studies, demonstrating beneficial outcomes, when compared to the controls using a soft brace. Sufficient in-brace correction effects have been demonstrated to be achievable when the Chêneau principles of correction are used appropriately. As there is a positive correlation between in-brace correction and the final outcome, the Chêneau concept of bracing with sufficient in-brace corrections as published can be regarded as being efficient when applied well. Case reports with high in-brace corrections, as shown within this paper using the Gensingen brace™ promise beneficial outcomes when a good compliance can be achieved.ConclusionsThe use of the Gensingen brace™ leads to sufficient in-brace corrections, when compared to the correction effects achieved with other braces, as described in literature.According to the patients' reports, the Gensingen brace™ is comfortable to wear, when adjusted properly.Further studies are necessary (1) in order to evaluate brace comfort and (2) effectiveness using the SRS inclusion criteria.

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Thematic minireview series: metals in biology.

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Thematic minireview series: metals in biology.

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