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Effect of dermatan sulfate on the indentation and tensile properties of articular cartilage.

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the hypothesis that the dermatan sulfate (DS) chain on decorin is a load carrying element in cartilage and that its damage or removal will alter the material properties.To test this hypothesis, indentation and tensile testing of cartilage from bovine patella were performed before and after digestion with chondroitinase B (cB). Removal of significant amounts of DS by cB digestion was verified by Western blot analysis of proteoglycans extracted from whole and sectioned specimens. Specimens (control and treated) were subjected to a series of step-hold displacements. Elastic modulus during the step rise (rapid modulus) and at equilibrium (equilibrium modulus), and the relaxation function during each step was measured for test (cB and buffer) and control (buffer alone) conditions.cB had no effect on any of the viscoelastic mechanical properties measured, either in indentation or tension.Removing or damaging approximately 50% of the DS had no effect on the mechanical properties, strongly suggesting that DS either carries very low load or no load.

SUBMITTER: Hall ML

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2717628 | biostudies-literature | 2009 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of dermatan sulfate on the indentation and tensile properties of articular cartilage.

Hall M L ML Krawczak D A DA Simha N K NK Lewis J L JL

Osteoarthritis and cartilage 20081029 5

<h4>Objective</h4>This paper examines the hypothesis that the dermatan sulfate (DS) chain on decorin is a load carrying element in cartilage and that its damage or removal will alter the material properties.<h4>Methods</h4>To test this hypothesis, indentation and tensile testing of cartilage from bovine patella were performed before and after digestion with chondroitinase B (cB). Removal of significant amounts of DS by cB digestion was verified by Western blot analysis of proteoglycans extracted ...[more]

PMID: 19036614

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Project description:Osteoarthrosis is a debilitating disease affecting millions, yet engineering materials for cartilage regeneration has proven difficult because of the complex microstructure of this tissue. Articular cartilage, like many biological tissues, produces a time-dependent response to mechanical load that is critical to cell's physiological function in part due to solid and fluid phase interactions and property variations across multiple length scales. Recreating the time-dependent strain and fluid flow may be critical for successfully engineering replacement tissues but thus far has largely been neglected. Here, microindentation is used to accomplish three objectives: (1) quantify a material's time-dependent mechanical response, (2) map material properties at a cellular relevant length scale throughout zonal articular cartilage and (3) elucidate the underlying viscoelastic, poroelastic, and nonlinear poroelastic causes of deformation in articular cartilage. Untreated and trypsin-treated cartilage was sectioned perpendicular to the articular surface and indentation was used to evaluate properties throughout zonal cartilage on the cut surface. The experimental results demonstrated that within all cartilage zones, the mechanical response was well represented by a model assuming nonlinear biphasic behavior and did not follow conventional viscoelastic or linear poroelastic models. Additionally, 10% (w/w) agarose was tested and, as anticipated, behaved as a linear poroelastic material. The approach outlined here provides a method, applicable to many tissues and biomaterials, which reveals and quantifies the underlying causes of time-dependent deformation, elucidates key aspects of material structure and function, and that can be used to provide important inputs for computational models and targets for tissue engineering.Statement of significanceElucidating the time-dependent mechanical behavior of cartilage, and other biological materials, is critical to adequately recapitulate native mechanosensory cues for cells. We used microindentation to map the time-dependent properties of untreated and trypsin treated cartilage throughout each cartilage zone. Unlike conventional approaches that combine viscoelastic and poroelastic behaviors into a single framework, we deconvoluted the mechanical response into separate contributions to time-dependent behavior. Poroelastic effects in all cartilage zones dominated the time-dependent behavior of articular cartilage, and a model that incorporates tension-compression nonlinearity best represented cartilage mechanical behavior. These results can be used to assess the success of regeneration and repair approaches, as design targets for tissue engineering, and for development of accurate computational models.

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Effect of dermatan sulfate on the indentation and tensile properties of articular cartilage.

Publications

Effect of dermatan sulfate on the indentation and tensile properties of articular cartilage.

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