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Calcium homeostasis and cone signaling are regulated by interactions between calcium stores and plasma membrane ion channels.

ABSTRACT: Calcium is a messenger ion that controls all aspects of cone photoreceptor function, including synaptic release. The dynamic range of the cone output extends beyond the activation threshold for voltage-operated calcium entry, suggesting another calcium influx mechanism operates in cones hyperpolarized by light. We have used optical imaging and whole-cell voltage clamp to measure the contribution of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) to Ca(2+) homeostasis and its role in regulation of neurotransmission at cone synapses. Mn(2+) quenching of Fura-2 revealed sustained divalent cation entry in hyperpolarized cones. Ca(2+) influx into cone inner segments was potentiated by hyperpolarization, facilitated by depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores, unaffected by pharmacological manipulation of voltage-operated or cyclic nucleotide-gated Ca(2+) channels and suppressed by lanthanides, 2-APB, MRS 1845 and SKF 96365. However, cation influx through store-operated channels crossed the threshold for activation of voltage-operated Ca(2+) entry in a subset of cones, indicating that the operating range of inner segment signals is set by interactions between store- and voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels. Exposure to MRS 1845 resulted in approximately 40% reduction of light-evoked postsynaptic currents in photopic horizontal cells without affecting the light responses or voltage-operated Ca(2+) currents in simultaneously recorded cones. The spatial pattern of store-operated calcium entry in cones matched immunolocalization of the store-operated sensor STIM1. These findings show that store-operated channels regulate spatial and temporal properties of Ca(2+) homeostasis in vertebrate cones and demonstrate their role in generation of sustained excitatory signals across the first retinal synapse.

SUBMITTER: Szikra T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2725299 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Calcium homeostasis and cone signaling are regulated by interactions between calcium stores and plasma membrane ion channels.

Szikra Tamas T Barabas Peter P Bartoletti Theodore M TM Huang Wei W Akopian Abram A Thoreson Wallace B WB Krizaj David D

PloS one 20090821 8

Calcium is a messenger ion that controls all aspects of cone photoreceptor function, including synaptic release. The dynamic range of the cone output extends beyond the activation threshold for voltage-operated calcium entry, suggesting another calcium influx mechanism operates in cones hyperpolarized by light. We have used optical imaging and whole-cell voltage clamp to measure the contribution of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) to Ca(2+) homeostasis and its role in regulation of neurotransm ...[more]

PMID: 19696927

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Project description:Analysis of transcriptome in moss Physcomitrella patens CNGCb null mutant at 25 and 34 degrees C for 30 minutes. Results provide insight into role of CNGCb in acquired thermotolerance induced by non-lethal heat treatment. Typically at dawn of a hot summer day, land plants need precise molecular thermometers to sense harmless increments in the ambient temperature to timely develop a heat-shock response (HSR) and accumulate protective heat shock proteins (Hsps), in anticipation of upcoming harmful temperatures at mid-day. Here, we found that the CNGCb gene from Physcomitrella patens and its Arabidopsis ortholog CNGC2, encode for a component of cyclic nucleotide gated Ca2+ channels acting as the primary thermosensors of land plant cells. Disruption of CNGCb or CNGC2 produced a hyper-thermosensitive phenotype, giving rise to a HSR and acquired thermotolerance at significantly milder heat-priming treatments than in wild type plants. In an aequorin-expressing moss, CNGCb loss-of-function caused altered Ca2+ signaling and a sustained Ca2+ influx. Patch clamp recordings on moss protoplasts showed the presence of three distinct thermo-responsive Ca2+-channels in wild type cells. Deletion of CNGCb led to a total absence of one, and it increased the open probability of the remaining two thermo-responsive Ca2+ channels. Thus, both in Arabidopsis and moss, CNGC2 and CNGCb are expected to form with other related CNGCs, heteromeric Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane that respond to mild increments in the ambient temperature by triggering an optimal HSR, leading to the onset of plant acquired thermotolerance. The WT moss tissues were heat-shocked for a half an hour at 34°C and 38°C and CNGCb at 25and 34°C followed by liquid nitrogen freezing. Total RNA was isolated using RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) and two biological replicate samples for each treatment, were extracted. An Agilent-certified microarray service lab (MOgene, LC, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to verify the integrity of the RNA and perform the microarray experiments. Two biological replicates were performed.

Dataset Information

Calcium homeostasis and cone signaling are regulated by interactions between calcium stores and plasma membrane ion channels.

Publications

Calcium homeostasis and cone signaling are regulated by interactions between calcium stores and plasma membrane ion channels.

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