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Maturational changes in anterior cingulate and frontoparietal recruitment support the development of error processing and inhibitory control.

ABSTRACT: Documenting the development of the functional anatomy underlying error processing is critically important for understanding age-related improvements in cognitive performance. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine time courses of brain activity in 77 individuals aged 8-27 years during correct and incorrect performance of an oculomotor task requiring inhibitory control. Canonical eye-movement regions showed increased activity for correct versus error trials but no differences between children, adolescents and young adults, suggesting that core task processes are in place early in development. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was a central focus. In rostral ACC all age groups showed significant deactivation during correct but not error trials, consistent with the proposal that such deactivation reflects suspension of a "default mode" necessary for effective controlled performance. In contrast, dorsal ACC showed increased and extended modulation for error versus correct trials in adults, which, in children and adolescents, was significantly attenuated. Further, younger age groups showed reduced activity in posterior attentional regions, relying instead on increased recruitment of regions within prefrontal cortex. This work suggests that functional changes in dorsal ACC associated with error regulation and error-feedback utilization, coupled with changes in the recruitment of "long-range" attentional networks, underlie age-related improvements in performance.

SUBMITTER: Velanova K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2733315 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maturational changes in anterior cingulate and frontoparietal recruitment support the development of error processing and inhibitory control.

Velanova Katerina K Wheeler Mark E ME Luna Beatriz B

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 20080214 11

Documenting the development of the functional anatomy underlying error processing is critically important for understanding age-related improvements in cognitive performance. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine time courses of brain activity in 77 individuals aged 8-27 years during correct and incorrect performance of an oculomotor task requiring inhibitory control. Canonical eye-movement regions showed increased activity for correct versus error trials but no differenc ...[more]

PMID: 18281300

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critical for both stress and inhibitory control processes and has been implicated in childhood trauma. This prospective study tested the hypothesis that early trauma moderates the association between inhibitory control during late childhood and ACC stress reactivity during adolescence. METHOD:Sixty-four adolescents were stratified into higher- or lower-childhood-trauma groups. Inhibitory control was indicated by fewer errors on a Stroop Color-Word task. Personalized stress cues during functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed neural correlates of stress in adolescents. RESULTS:Using a priori-defined anterior (rCZa) and posterior rostral cingulate zones of the ACC, associated with Stroop Color-Word task performance in prior meta-analyses, Stroop errors correlated inversely with activation in the rCZa during stress-cue exposure (r?=?-.23, p?=?.04). Childhood trauma moderated the association between Stroop errors and rCZa stress reactivity (interaction?=?-1.26, p?=?.02, 95%CI?=?-2.33,-0.20), where Stroop errors were inversely associated with brain activation among those with higher childhood trauma (simple slopes?=?-.83, p?=?.007, 95%CI?=?-1.40,-0.25). Low stress-related rCZa activation inversely (R2?=?0.19, b?=?-0.43, p?=?.001, 95%CI?=?-4.11,-1.06) and Stroop errors directly (R2?=?0.09, b?=?0.27, p?=?.048, 95%CI?=?0.02, 5.8) associated with baseline subjective anxiety while controlling for childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS:This is the first study to demonstrate a moderating role of childhood trauma on the relationship between inhibitory control and stress-related ACC activation. Childhood trauma may portend neurodevelopmental changes that impede recruitment of control-associated ACC-functioning during distress, which may relate to dysregulation of stress-induced affective responses. Further work is needed to elucidate relationships between childhood trauma and addictive behaviors precipitated by stress.

Dataset Information

Maturational changes in anterior cingulate and frontoparietal recruitment support the development of error processing and inhibitory control.

Publications

Maturational changes in anterior cingulate and frontoparietal recruitment support the development of error processing and inhibitory control.

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