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Vascular effects of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet.

ABSTRACT: The cardiovascular complications of obesity have prompted interest in dietary interventions to reduce weight, including low-carbohydrate diets that are generally high in protein and fat. However, little is known about the long-term effects of these diets on vascular health. We examined the cardiovascular effects of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet (LCHP) in the ApoE(-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis and in a model of ischemia-induced neovascularization. Mice on a LCHP were compared with mice maintained on either the standard chow diet (SC) or the Western diet (WD) which contains comparable fat and cholesterol to the LCHP. LCHP-fed mice developed more aortic atherosclerosis and had an impaired ability to generate new vessels in response to tissue ischemia. These changes were not explained by alterations in serum cholesterol, inflammatory mediators or infiltrates, or oxidative stress. The LCHP diet substantially reduced the number of bone marrow and peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a marker of vascular regenerative capacity. EPCs from mice on a LCHP diet also manifest lower levels of activated (phosphorylated) Akt, a serine-threonine kinase important in EPC mobilization, proliferation, and survival. Taken together, these data demonstrate that in animal models LCHP diets have adverse vascular effects not reflected in serum markers and that nonlipid macronutrients can modulate vascular progenitor cells and pathophysiology.

SUBMITTER: Foo SY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2741266 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Vascular effects of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet.

Foo Shi Yin SY Heller Eric R ER Wykrzykowska Joanna J Sullivan Christopher J CJ Manning-Tobin Jennifer J JJ Moore Kathryn J KJ Gerszten Robert E RE Rosenzweig Anthony A

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20090824 36

The cardiovascular complications of obesity have prompted interest in dietary interventions to reduce weight, including low-carbohydrate diets that are generally high in protein and fat. However, little is known about the long-term effects of these diets on vascular health. We examined the cardiovascular effects of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet (LCHP) in the ApoE(-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis and in a model of ischemia-induced neovascularization. Mice on a LCHP were compared with m ...[more]

PMID: 19706393

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Project description:BackgroundLow-carbohydrate diet (LCD) is effective for weight loss and glycaemic control in humans. Here, the study aimed to explore the effects of LCD/high-fat diet (HFD) in both humans and mice.MethodsTwenty-two overweight or obese participants received LCD for 3 weeks. Based on carbohydrate intake > 10% or ≤ 10% of calories, the participants were divided into moderate LCD (MLCD) and very LCD (VLCD) groups. The participants completed a 10-question food preference survey. Meanwhile, C57BL/6J mice were assigned to five groups: chow diet (CD, 10% fat), HFD with 60%, 70%, and 75% fat from cocoa butter (HFD-C), and HFD with 60% fat from lard (HFD-L) and fed for 24 weeks. Eight mice were acclimatised for the food-choice test.ResultsLCD decreased the total energy intake in humans. The VLCD group showed greater weight loss and better glycaemic control than the MLCD group. A food preference survey showed that 65% of participants tended to choose high-carbohydrate foods. In mice, HFD resulted in energy overconsumption, obesity, and metabolic disorders. When CD and HFD-L were administered simultaneously, mice rarely consumed CD. In the HFD-C groups, the energy intake and body weight increased with increasing dietary fat content. Compared with the HFD-C group, the HFD-L group consumed more energy and had poorer metabolism.ConclusionsLower carbohydrate intake contributed to lower energy intake and improved metabolism in humans. In mice, diets with a higher proportion of fat become more attractive and obesogenic by fixing the fat sources. Since the mice preferred lard to cocoa butter, lard induced excess energy intake and poorer metabolism. Different food preferences may be the underlying mechanism behind the opposite effects of the LCD/HFD in humans and mice.Trial registrationThe clinical trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ). The registration number is ChiCTR1800016786. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrolment.

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Vascular effects of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet.

Publications

Vascular effects of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet.

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