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Differential influence of diet and physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome in a multiethnic sample of children.

ABSTRACT: Treatment of the metabolic syndrome in adults is generally approached with diet and physical activity. The influence of diet and physical activity on cardiometabolic outcomes in children has not been clearly established.The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the distribution of energy from fat and carbohydrate in addition to limited time spent engaging in physical activity would contribute to the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in a multiethnic pediatric population.Observational, cross-sectional study. Diet was assessed by two 24-hour recalls, physical activity by accelerometry, body composition by dual-energy absorptiometry, and glucose and lipid levels using fasting sera.Presence of metabolic syndrome and its components.202 African-American (n=79), white (n=68), or Hispanic (n=55) healthy children aged 7 to 12 years.The contribution of diet and physical activity to the metabolic syndrome and its components were assessed by logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses.Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the total sample was 8.4%, with Hispanics more likely than whites and African Americans to meet the criteria. A greater intake of energy from carbohydrate was related to a greater waist circumference and higher concentrations of triglyceride and glucose particularly apparent within the African-American sample (P<0.05). Fat intake was associated with a lower waist circumference (P<0.05) and with lower concentrations of triglyceride (P<0.05) and glucose (P<0.001) in the total sample. Greater moderate/hard physical activity was associated with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in whites (P<0.05). Increased sedentary behavior was related to greater glucose concentration in whites and Hispanics (P<0.05 for both).Diet composition was more closely related to the components of the metabolic syndrome than was physical activity, with carbohydrate intake being adversely related to waist circumference, triglyceride levels, and glucose levels. Furthermore, relationships among diet and metabolic syndrome outcomes were stronger among African-American children, suggesting that nutrition interventions in this group may be particularly beneficial.

SUBMITTER: Casazza K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2743425 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differential influence of diet and physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome in a multiethnic sample of children.

Casazza Krista K Dulin-Keita Akilah A Gower Barbara A BA Fernandez Jose R JR

Journal of the American Dietetic Association 20090201 2

<h4>Background</h4>Treatment of the metabolic syndrome in adults is generally approached with diet and physical activity. The influence of diet and physical activity on cardiometabolic outcomes in children has not been clearly established.<h4>Objective</h4>The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the distribution of energy from fat and carbohydrate in addition to limited time spent engaging in physical activity would contribute to the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome ...[more]

PMID: 19167950

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Project description:Background Research suggests varied dietary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including an increase in meal and snack frequency. While some studies report an increase in home cooking and fresh produce consumption, others report less favorable changes in diet patterns. Limited research examines these patterns in college students. Objective This cross-sectional study explored self-reported changes in food intake patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in a multiethnic sample of college students. Study Design, Setting, and Participants A web-based survey was administered to students enrolled in a general education introductory nutrition course during the 2020-2021 academic year. Two open-ended items were used to capture self-reported changes in food intake and drivers of those changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Food insecurity was assessed using the USDA six-item food security module. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Two researchers collaborated to develop a codebook and then assign codes independently to open-ended responses. Chi-square tests were used to investigate relationships between food security status and reported diet changes. Results Participants (n = 436) were predominantly (77%) female; 39% identified as Hispanic/Latino, 33% identified as Asian/Pacific Islander, and 19% identified as Caucasian. A majority of participants (n = 295, 67.7%) reported diet changes as a result of the pandemic. Participants indicated mixed impacts on food intake, such as an increase or decrease in food intake, snacking more, eating less healthy, or eating healthier. Participants attributed diet changes to increased health consciousness, increased time at home, eating more home-prepared foods, changes in activity level, and increased feelings of boredom. Among respondents who reported a COVID-related diet impact, those experiencing food insecurity were more likely to report eating less healthy because of the pandemic (P = 0.01). Conclusions A majority of students reported a change in food intake; while the type of change varied, food insecurity emerged as a factor significantly associated with self-reported dietary changes considered less healthy. Funding None

Project description:Background:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health disorder characterized by metabolic abnormalities that predict an increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It can be resolved, and its complications reduced, by lifestyle interventions offered in primary care. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of the exercise program of the CHANGE feasibility study on physical fitness and physical activity habits, and assess associations between changes in MetS components and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods:In this analysis of 192 of the 293 adults with MetS in the overall study, the impact on physical fitness [aerobic capacity, muscular fitness and flexibility], and non-supervised physical activities was investigated over 12?months. In the CHANGE program, aerobic capacity, muscular fitness and flexibility were assessed at baseline, after 3?months of weekly supervised exercise, and following 9 additional months during which participants had one monthly session of supervised exercise. Additionally, CRF response was also examined in relation to changes in MetS components [fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, waist circumference (WC)]. Results:Fitness variables were significantly increased at 12?months with most of the improvements reached by 3?months (estimated VO2 max: 6 and 12%; partial curl-ups: 55 and 80%; push-ups: 50 and 100%; flexibility: 22 and 10% in men and women, respectively, p?<? 0.001). As expected, the duration and intensity of supervised aerobic physical activity increased during the first 3?months of supervision in both men and women, and remained unchanged for the duration of the program. The duration of non-supervised physical activities did not change during the program in men whereas an increase in manual work of moderate intensity was recorded in women between 3 and 12?months. In women, mean changes in WC were significantly greater among high VO2 max responders than low responders, between 0 and 12?months, as well as between 3 and 12?months (-?3.42?cm and?-?4.32?cm, respectively, p?<? 0.05). No associations were seen with MetS components in men. Higher intensity activities were maintained by both sexes at one year. Conclusion:Patients with MetS participating in the CHANGE lifestyle program improved physical fitness and physical activity habits by three months and maintained these gains over one year. Women who achieved a greater VO2 max increase had greater reductions in WC compared to low VO2max responders.

Project description:BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is prevalent worldwide and its prevalence is related to physical activity, race, and lifestyle. Little data is available for people living in rural areas of China. In this study we examined associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviors with metabolic syndrome components among people in rural China.MethodsThe Nantong Metabolic Syndrome Study recruited 13,505 female and 6,997 male participants between 2007 and 2008. Data of socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle were collected. The associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviors with metabolic syndrome components were analyzed.ResultsPrevalence of metabolic syndrome was 21.6%. It was significantly lower in men than in women. Low risks of metabolic syndrome were observed in those who did less sitting and engaged in more vigorous physical activity. The highest tertile of vigorous physical activity was associated with 15-40% decreased odds of metabolic syndrome and all of its components, except for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men. Women with the highest tertile of moderate physical activity had 15-30% lower odds of central obesity, high glucose, and high triglycerides compared with those in the lowest tertile. Sitting time >42 hours per week had a 4%-12% attributable risk of metabolic syndrome, central obesity, and high triglycerides in both genders, and abnormal glucose and diastolic blood pressure in women. Sleeping for more than 8 hours per day was associated with risk of high serum glucose and lipids.ConclusionsOur data suggested that physical activity has a preventive effect against metabolic syndrome and all its abnormal components, and that longer sitting time and sleep duration are associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome components, including central obesity and high triglycerides, glucose, and diastolic blood pressure. This study could provide information for future investigation into these associations. Also, recommendations are developed to reduce prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in rural Chinese populations.

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Differential influence of diet and physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome in a multiethnic sample of children.

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Differential influence of diet and physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome in a multiethnic sample of children.

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