Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nussinov Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2761313 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20090923 40
We prove sufficient conditions for Topological Quantum Order at zero and finite temperatures. The crux of the proof hinges on the existence of low-dimensional Gauge-Like Symmetries, thus providing a unifying framework based on a symmetry principle. These symmetries may be actual invariances of the system, or may emerge in the low-energy sector. Prominent examples of Topological Quantum Order display Gauge-Like Symmetries. New systems exhibiting such symmetries include Hamiltonians depicting orbi ...[more]