Dataset Information

DRD2-related TaqIA polymorphism modulates motivation to smoke.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

TaqIA polymorphism, a genetic variant associated with the expression level of dopamine D2 receptors in the brain, has been linked to various aspects of smoking behavior, including smoking prevalence, affective withdrawal symptoms, and smoking cessation outcome. However, its involvement in motivation to smoke cigarettes has not been elucidated.

Methods

The present study examined the possible differences in self-reported reasons to smoke and craving for smoking in 160 smokers participating in a clinical trial.

Results

Individuals with at least one A1 allele of the TaqIA polymorphism were more likely to report smoking for stimulating effects and to reduce negative affect compared with those lacking an A1 allele. The association of the A1 genotype with a higher probability and stronger motive to smoker to enhance cognitive functioning was evident in female but not in male smokers. Female A1 carriers also expected a greater likelihood of smoking for pleasure than those without an A1 allele. A1 subjects reported stronger craving for cigarettes during early days and the last phase of a 6-week abstinence period.

Discussion

These results support the idea that dopaminergic transmission plays an important role in the neurobiological basis of reasons for smoking and that the TaqIA variant is one of the genetic factors underlying individual differences in these aspects. These findings also have implications for improving treatment strategies to help individuals quit smoking by controlling their motivation to continue cigarette consumption.

SUBMITTER: Zuo Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2762931 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundGenetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome (TS). Notably, Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene has been suggested as a possible candidate gene for this disorder. Several studies have demonstrated that DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of developing TS. However, past results remain conflicting. We addressed this controversy by performing a meta-analysis of the relationship between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and TS.MethodsLiterature was searched in multiple databases including PUBMED, COCHRANE and WEB OF SCIENCE up to July 2014. The number of the genotypes for DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA in the TS and control subjects was extracted and statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.0.16 and Stata 12.0 software. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were utilized to calculate the risk of TS with DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA. Stratified analysis based on ethnicity was also conducted.Results523 patients with TS, 564 controls and 87 probands plus 152 relatives from five published studies were finally involved in this meta-analysis. Combined analysis revealed that the overall ORs for the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA A1 allele were 1.69 (95%CIs = 1.42-2.00) in the fixed-effect model and 1.66 (95%CIs = 1.33-2.08) in the random-effects model. Stratification by ethnicity indicated the TaqIA A1 allele was significantly associated with TS in Caucasians (fixed-effect model: OR=1.75, 95%CI = 1.43-2.16; random-effect model: OR=1.69, 95%CI = 1.25-2.28) and in Asians (OR=1.54, 95%CI = 1.12-2.10). Meta-analysis of the A1A1 vs. A2A2 (homozygous model), A1A2 vs. A2A2 (heterozygous model) and A1A1+A1A2 vs. A2A2 (dominant model) of this polymorphism revealed a significant association with TS in overall populations and Caucasians.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggested that the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism might contribute to TS susceptibility, especially in Caucasian population. However, further investigation with a larger number of worldwide studies should be conducted to verify the association.