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Human Plasmodium knowlesi infections in young children in central Vietnam.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Considering increasing reports on human infections by Plasmodium knowlesi in Southeast Asian countries, blood samples collected during two large cross-sectional malariometric surveys carried out in a forested area of central Vietnam in 2004 and 2005 were screened for this parasite. METHODS: Blood samples collected at the 2004 survey and positive for Plasmodium malariae were randomly selected for PCR analysis detecting P. knowlesi. Blood samples collected in 2005 from the same individuals were screened again for P. knowlesi. Positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. Family members of positive cases who participated in both surveys were also screened. RESULTS: Ninety-five samples with P. malariae mono- or mixed infections identified by species-specific PCR were screened for P. knowlesi. Among the five (5.2%) positive samples by PCR, three were confirmed to be P. knowlesi infections by sequencing, two young children (<5 years old) and a young man, all asymptomatic at the time of the survey and for the next six months after the survey. One of the two children was still positive one year later. No infection was found among the family members. CONCLUSION: Plasmodium knowlesi infections in humans can be found in central Vietnam. A small child was positive for P. knowlesi in both surveys at one year interval, though it is unclear whether it was the same or a new infection.

SUBMITTER: Van den Eede P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2773789 | biostudies-literature | 2009

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Human Plasmodium knowlesi infections in young children in central Vietnam.

Van den Eede Peter P Van Hong Nguyen HN Van Overmeir Chantal C Vythilingam Indra I Duc Thang Ngo TN Hung Le Xuan le X Manh Hung Nguyen HN Anné Jozef J D'Alessandro Umberto U Erhart Annette A

Malaria journal 20091030

<h4>Background</h4>Considering increasing reports on human infections by Plasmodium knowlesi in Southeast Asian countries, blood samples collected during two large cross-sectional malariometric surveys carried out in a forested area of central Vietnam in 2004 and 2005 were screened for this parasite.<h4>Methods</h4>Blood samples collected at the 2004 survey and positive for Plasmodium malariae were randomly selected for PCR analysis detecting P. knowlesi. Blood samples collected in 2005 from the ...[more]

PMID: 19878553

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Project description:Plasmodium knowlesi has entered the human population of Southeast Asia. Naturally acquired knowlesi malaria is newly described with relatively little available data, including data on the host response to infection. Therefore pre-treatment cytokine and chemokine profiles were determined for 94 P. knowlesi, and for comparison, 20, P. vivax and 22 P. falciparum, patients recruited in Malaysian Borneo. Nine, five and one patient with P. knowlesi, P. falciparum and P. vivax respectively had complicated malaria as defined by World Health Organisation. Patients with uncomplicated P. knowlesi had lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF? than those with complicated disease (both p<0.05, Dunn's post test, DPT). The anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra and IL-10 were detected in all patients in the study. IL-1ra, the most abundant cytokine measured, correlated with parasitaemia in P. knowlesi (r(s)?=?0.47, p?=? <0.0001), P. vivax (r(s)?=?0.61, p?=?0.0042) and P. falciparum (r(s)?=?0.57,p?=?0.0054) malaria. IL-10 correlated with parasitaemia in both P. knowlesi (r(s)?=?0.54, p?=? <0.0001) and P. vivax (r(s)?=?0.78, p?=? <0.0001) infections. There were between group differences in soluble markers of macrophage activation (MIP-1? and MCP-1). P. knowlesi patients had significantly lower levels of MIP-1? than P. falciparum (DPT, p?=? <0.01). Uncomplicated P. knowlesi patients had significantly lower levels of MCP-1 than uncomplicated P. falciparum patients (DPT, p?=? <0.001). There was no significant difference between complicated and uncomplicated P. knowlesi infections. MCP-1, MIP-1?, IL-8 and TNF? increased in complicated P. knowlesi but decreased in complicated P. falciparum infections. Descriptions of human knowlesi malaria provide a comparative means to discover mediators of pathophysiology in severe P. knowlesi as well as P. falciparum malaria. Crucially, P. knowlesi may be the disease and experimental primate model for severe malaria.

Dataset Information

Human Plasmodium knowlesi infections in young children in central Vietnam.

Publications

Human Plasmodium knowlesi infections in young children in central Vietnam.

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