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In-vivo animation of midazolam-induced electrocorticographic changes in humans.

ABSTRACT: Previous human studies have demonstrated that midazolam-induced signal changes on scalp EEG recording include widespread augmentation of sigma-oscillations and that the amplitude of such oscillations is correlated to the severity of midazolam-induced amnesia. Still unanswered questions include whether midazolam-induced sigma-augmentation also involves the medial temporal region, which plays a role in memory encoding. Taking advantage of rare and unique opportunities to monitor neuronal activities using intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) recording, we determined how intravenous administration of midazolam elicited spectral frequency changes in the human cerebral cortex, including the medial temporal region. We studied three children with focal epilepsy who underwent subdural electrode placement and extraoperative ECoG recording for subsequent resection of the seizure focus; an intravenous bolus of midazolam was given to abort an ongoing simple partial seizure or to provide sedation prior to induction of general anesthesia. 'Midazolam-induced ECoG frequency alteration' in sites distant from the seizure focus was sequentially animated on their individual three-dimensional MR images. The common ECoG changes induced by midazolam included gradual augmentation of sigma-oscillations (12-16 Hz) in the widespread non-epileptic regions, including the medial temporal region. The spatial and temporal alteration of ECoG spectral frequency pattern can be appreciated via animation movies. Midazolam-induced sigma-augmentation was observed in the medial temporal region in our relatively small cohort of human subjects. In-vivo animation of ECoG spectral measures provided a unique situation to study the effect of midazolam on neuronal processing in the deep brain regions.

SUBMITTER: Nishida M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2783251 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In-vivo animation of midazolam-induced electrocorticographic changes in humans.

Nishida Masaaki M Sood Sandeep S Asano Eishi E

Journal of the neurological sciences 20090904 1-2

Previous human studies have demonstrated that midazolam-induced signal changes on scalp EEG recording include widespread augmentation of sigma-oscillations and that the amplitude of such oscillations is correlated to the severity of midazolam-induced amnesia. Still unanswered questions include whether midazolam-induced sigma-augmentation also involves the medial temporal region, which plays a role in memory encoding. Taking advantage of rare and unique opportunities to monitor neuronal activitie ...[more]

PMID: 19733366

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Project description:UVA1 makes up ~75% terrestrial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is increasingly being used for the treatment for inflammatory skin disorders. It is also the major UVR spectral source in tanning lamps, however we lack human data to understand its effects on gene expression and further consequences. Using erythemally equivalent doses of UVA1 (50J/cm2) and UVB (30mJ/cm2) ~1MED (minimal erythema dose), this study examines time dependent whole genome expression, mRNA and protein changes in 12 skin types I/II individuals. The top upregulated pathway at 6h is inflammation through IL17 signaling for UVA1 (p=1.16e-6) and UVB (p=2.1e-4). At 24h the top upregulated pathway is extracellular matrix remodeling for UVA1 (p=5.5e-7) and UVB (p=2.9e-22). We show key spectral differences with matrix metalloproteinases (MMP): UVB upregulates MMP1 mRNA (p=0.0062), MMP3 mRNA (p=0.0016), MMP10 mRNA (p=0.028) at 24h compared to UVA1, MMP12 mRNA is upregulated by UVA1 at 6h and not by UVB (p=0.02). In a further 3 skin type I/II we show that MMP12 protein is formed by UVA1 (p=0.04) at 24h and that DQM-bM-^DM-" collagen type IV(likely MMP12 activity) hydrolysis occurs by UVA1 (p=0.027) at 10h. DQM-bM-^DM-" collagen type I hydrolysis occurs predominantly by UVB at 24h (p=0.031). Both UVA1 and UVB upregulate MMP1 at 10h and 24h. There is more MMP1 and MMP12 protein and activity in the epidermis than in dermis in all volunteers. We conclude that the biological processes that occur after 24h in human skin in vivo in response to erythemally equivalent doses of UVA1 and UVB are similar however there are key spectral differences: UVB plays a larger role in upregulating key MMPs in the epidermis. MMP12 is a UVA1 specific biomarker found predominantly in the epidermis and maybe useful as a marker of UVA1 exposure. We hypothesise that its formation by UVA1 could be related to the ability of UVA1 to produce significantly more oxidatively generated DNA than UVB (8oxodG). 47 samples were processed. The RNA was isolated from human skin samples of individual donors pre- or post irradiation with UVA or UVB. Skin biopsies were taken either before, 6h post, or 24h post exposure. Different doses of UVA were applied. Each condition was available from five or nine individuals, as indicated in the samples description below.

Dataset Information

In-vivo animation of midazolam-induced electrocorticographic changes in humans.

Publications

In-vivo animation of midazolam-induced electrocorticographic changes in humans.

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